2. 镧系元素的电子构型和性质 元素 Ln电子组态Ln+电子组态 常见氧化态 原子半径/pmLn3+半径pm 57La 45d6s2 4 (3 187.7 106.1 -2.38 58Ce 4n5d6s2 4 (3),4 182.4 103.4 -2.34 59Pr 4护 6s2 (3),4 182.8 101.3 -2.35 60Nd 4f 6s2 4护 (3),2 182.1 99.5 -2.32 61Pm F 6s2 4护 (3) 181.0 97.9 -2.29 62Sm 4 6s2 4护 (3),2 180.2 96.4 -2.30 63Eu 4f 6x2 4护 (3),2 204.2 95.0 -1.99 64Gd 4f5d62 4 (3) 180.2 93.8 -2.28 65Tb 4f 6r2 4护 (3),4 178.2 92.3 -2.31 66Dy 40 6s2 4 (3),2 177.3 90.8 -2.29 6H0 4fi 6s2 4fo (3) 176.6 89.4 -2.33 68Er 4r2 6r2 4 (3) 175.7 88.1 -2.32 69Tm 4f13 6s2 42 (3),2 174.6 86.9 -2.32 70Yb 445d6s2 4n3 (3),2 194.0 85.8 -2.22 4f45d6s2 44 (3) 173.4 84.8 -2.302. 镧系元素的电子构型和性质 元素 Ln电子组态 Ln E q 3+电子组态 常见氧化态 原子半径/pm Ln3+半径 /pm /V 57La 58Ce 59Pr 60Nd 61Pm 62Sm 63Eu 64Gd 65Tb 66Dy 67Ho 68Er 69Tm 70Yb 71Lu 4f 05d 16s 2 4f 15d 16s 2 4f 3 6s 2 4f 4 6s 2 4f 5 6s 2 4f 6 6s 2 4f 7 6s 2 4f 75d 16s 2 4f 9 6s 2 4f 10 6s 2 4f 11 6s 2 4f 12 6s 2 4f 13 6s 2 4f 145d 16s 2 4f 145d 16s 2 4f 0 4f 1 4f 2 4f 3 4f 4 4f 5 4f 6 4f 7 4f 8 4f 9 4f 10 4f 11 4f 12 4f 13 4f 14 (3) (3),4 (3),4 (3),2 (3) (3),2 (3),2 (3) (3),4 (3),2 (3) (3) (3),2 (3),2 (3) 187.7 182.4 182.8 182.1 181.0 180.2 204.2 180.2 178.2 177.3 176.6 175.7 174.6 194.0 173.4 106.1 103.4 101.3 99.5 97.9 96.4 95.0 93.8 92.3 90.8 89.4 88.1 86.9 85.8 84.8 -2.38 -2.34 -2.35 -2.32 -2.29 -2.30 -1.99 -2.28 -2.31 -2.29 -2.33 -2.32 -2.32 -2.22 -2.30