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工程科学学报,第37卷,第6期:782-788,2015年6月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.6:782-788,June 2015 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.06.016:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 钢球斜轧成形的金属流动规律 郑振华四,王宝雨,胡正寰 北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:zhengzhenhua@usth.cdu.cn 摘要基于钢球斜轧成形原理,采用DEFORM--3D有限元软件建立了钢球斜轧成形的有限元模型.相应的实验结果表明 有限元模型是可信的.利用有限元结果研究了钢球斜轧成形过程的金属径向和轴向变形规律.研究表明:坯料的金属以周期 振荡方式累积变形.在轴线方向上,球体间的连接颈是变形最剧烈的位置,离连接颈越近,金属的径向变形和轴向变形越大 在横截面方向上,球体前半球的金属,离轴线中心越近,径向压缩量越小,轴向位移越大:球体后半球的金属,离轴线中心越 近,径向压缩量越小,轴向位移越小 关键词钢球:斜轧:金属流动:有限元模型 分类号TG335.19 Metal flow law of steel ball forming by skew rolling ZHENG Zhen-hua,WANG Bao-yu,HU Zheng-huan School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:zhengzhenhua@ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT Based on the principle of steel ball forming by skew rolling,a finite element model of steel ball forming by skew rolling was established by using software DEFORM-3D.This FEM model was proved to be reliable by contrast with laboratory experiment re- sults.Using the data of FEM results,the metal flow laws in both the radial and axial directions were studied.It is found that metal de- formation accumulates in a periodic oscillation way.In the axial direction,deformation at the connecting neck is the most severe,both the radial and axial deformation are larger at the location closer to the connecting neck.In the cross sections,smaller radial compres- sion and larger axial elongation were found at the location closer to the center in the front semi-sphere.Differently,there are smaller axial deformation and radial compression at the location closer to the center in the back semi-sphere. KEY WORDS steel ball;skew rolling:metal flow;finite element models 钢球按应用可分为球磨钢球和轴承钢球两大类:势,在工业生产中已得到较为广泛的应用 球磨钢球是球磨机研磨物料的介质,广泛应用于选矿、 钢球斜轧成形工艺中容易出现表面贴皮、心部疏 发电、水泥、化工等行业-刀;轴承钢球则是作为滚动 松、球形未充满等质量问题.为此,众多学者在孔型设 体大量应用于轴承工业.据不完全统计,中国钢球的 计、工艺设备及轧辊加工方法上进行了大量研究.采 年消耗量巨大,在百万吨以上.斜轧零件成形工艺是 里柯夫和斯米尔诺夫同对斜轧钢球的孔型设计及工艺 一种生产回转体类零件的先进工艺,具有生产效率高、 设备等进行了研究。胡正寰等1对斜轧工艺的基本 自动化程度高、生产噪声小、能耗低等优点,适合于少 原理、孔型设计、力能参数、机械设备、工艺调整等进行 品种和大批量的零件生产.因此,利用斜轧工艺生产 了全面的研究和阐述.高改梨、翁迅等刀对斜轧钢 钢球与传统铸造和锻造工艺生产钢球相比具有明显优 球的辊型曲面方程进行了相关研究,为斜轧钢球辊型 收稿日期:2014-04-03 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075030):北京市“现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室”资助项目工程科学学报,第 37 卷,第 6 期:782--788,2015 年 6 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol. 37,No. 6: 782--788,June 2015 DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn2095--9389. 2015. 06. 016; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 钢球斜轧成形的金属流动规律 郑振华,王宝雨,胡正寰 北京科技大学机械工程学院,北京 100083  通信作者,E-mail: zhengzhenhua@ ustb. edu. cn 摘 要 基于钢球斜轧成形原理,采用 DEFORM--3D 有限元软件建立了钢球斜轧成形的有限元模型. 相应的实验结果表明 有限元模型是可信的. 利用有限元结果研究了钢球斜轧成形过程的金属径向和轴向变形规律. 研究表明:坯料的金属以周期 振荡方式累积变形. 在轴线方向上,球体间的连接颈是变形最剧烈的位置,离连接颈越近,金属的径向变形和轴向变形越大. 在横截面方向上,球体前半球的金属,离轴线中心越近,径向压缩量越小,轴向位移越大;球体后半球的金属,离轴线中心越 近,径向压缩量越小,轴向位移越小. 关键词 钢球; 斜轧; 金属流动; 有限元模型 分类号 TG335. 19 Metal flow law of steel ball forming by skew rolling ZHENG Zhen-hua ,WANG Bao-yu,HU Zheng-huan School of Mechanical Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: zhengzhenhua@ ustb. edu. cn ABSTRACT Based on the principle of steel ball forming by skew rolling,a finite element model of steel ball forming by skew rolling was established by using software DEFORM--3D. This FEM model was proved to be reliable by contrast with laboratory experiment re￾sults. Using the data of FEM results,the metal flow laws in both the radial and axial directions were studied. It is found that metal de￾formation accumulates in a periodic oscillation way. In the axial direction,deformation at the connecting neck is the most severe,both the radial and axial deformation are larger at the location closer to the connecting neck. In the cross sections,smaller radial compres￾sion and larger axial elongation were found at the location closer to the center in the front semi-sphere. Differently,there are smaller axial deformation and radial compression at the location closer to the center in the back semi-sphere. KEY WORDS steel ball; skew rolling; metal flow; finite element models 收稿日期: 2014--04--03 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金资助项目(51075030); 北京市“现代交通金属材料与加工技术北京实验室”资助项目 钢球按应用可分为球磨钢球和轴承钢球两大类: 球磨钢球是球磨机研磨物料的介质,广泛应用于选矿、 发电、水泥、化工等行业[1 - 2];轴承钢球则是作为滚动 体大量应用于轴承工业. 据不完全统计,中国钢球的 年消耗量巨大,在百万吨以上. 斜轧零件成形工艺是 一种生产回转体类零件的先进工艺,具有生产效率高、 自动化程度高、生产噪声小、能耗低等优点,适合于少 品种和大批量的零件生产. 因此,利用斜轧工艺生产 钢球与传统铸造和锻造工艺生产钢球相比具有明显优 势,在工业生产中已得到较为广泛的应用. 钢球斜轧成形工艺中容易出现表面贴皮、心部疏 松、球形未充满等质量问题. 为此,众多学者在孔型设 计、工艺设备及轧辊加工方法上进行了大量研究. 采 里柯夫和斯米尔诺夫[3]对斜轧钢球的孔型设计及工艺 设备等进行了研究. 胡正寰等[4 - 5]对斜轧工艺的基本 原理、孔型设计、力能参数、机械设备、工艺调整等进行 了全面的研究和阐述. 高改梨、翁迅等[6 - 7]对斜轧钢 球的辊型曲面方程进行了相关研究,为斜轧钢球辊型
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