赵展等：K424高温合金凝固特征及冷却速度对其影响规律 .1341· 裂敏感性影响较大，从合金凝固行为方面考虑，为保 superalloy Udimet 720Li.J Alloys Compd,2015,653:266 证合金性能，应调整冷却速率，以不产生粗大的共晶 [8]Gong L,Chen B,Du Z H,et al.Investigation of solidification and segregation characteristics of cast Ni-base superalloy K417G.J 组织为宜 Mater Sci Technol,2018,34(3):541 [9] Seo S M,Jeong H W,Ahn Y K,et al.A comparative study of 4结论 quantitative microsegregation analyses performed during the solidi- (1)K424合金的凝固顺序为：1345℃，y相从液 fication of the Ni-base superalloy CMSX-10.Mater Charact, 2014,89:43 相中析出：1308℃，发生L→L+y+MC相变，MC碳 [10]Wang L H,Liu Z L,Liu X Q,et al.Effect of Al and Ti contents 化物开始从液相中析出：约1260℃，在非平衡凝固 on the microstructure and solidification behavior of cast Inconel 条件下，发生L→L+(y+y)相变，凝固末期共晶从 718.JMater Sci Eng,2016,34(2):242 (王立红，刘子利，刘希琴，等.Al,Ti含量对Incone718合 残余液相中析出：1237℃，凝固结束. 金铸造组织和凝固行为的影响.材料科学与工程学报， (2)K424共晶组织的产生主要源于非平衡凝 2016,34(2):242) 固导致的合金元素偏析，粗大的共晶组织的形成与 [11]Zheng L,Xiao C B,Tang DZ,et al.Investigation of the solidi- fication behaviour of a high Cr content cast Ni-base superalloy A/Ti(质量比)密切相关；A/Ti越小，越容易形成粗 K4648.Rare Metal Mat Eng,2008,37(9):1539 大的共晶 (郑亮，肖程波，唐定中，等.高C铸造镍基高温合金 (3)冷却速度对K424合金的共晶组织及碳化物 K4648凝固行为的研究.稀有金属材料与工程，2008,37 有显著影响.在近平衡的慢冷速条件下，枝晶粗大， (9):1539) [12]Shi Z X,Dong JX,Zhang M C.et al.Solidification characteris- 枝晶间隙也较大，但是由于元素扩散充分，共晶和碳 tics and segregation behavior of Ni-based superalloy K418 for auto 化物尺寸都较小：随着冷却速率提高，枝晶细化，元素 turbocharger turbine.JAlloys Compd,2013,571:168 偏析严重，导致共品数量及尺寸急剧上升：当冷却速 [13]Sun X F,Yin F S,Li JG,et al.Solidification behavior of a cast nickel-based superalloy.Acta Metall Sinica,2003,39(1):27 率极高时，枝晶极其细小，枝品间隙也较小，共品数量 (孙晓峰，殷凤仕，李金国，等.一种铸造镍基高温合金的凝 及尺寸明显减小，此时碳化物呈现颗粒状. 固行为.金属学报，2003,39(1)：27) (4)冷却速度对K424合金的y'相也有着显著 [14]Mostafaei M,AbbasiS M.Solutioning and solidification process 影响.在近平衡的慢冷速条件下，由于保温时间较 control in Ta-modified CM247 LC superalloy.J Mater Process Technol,2016,231:113 长，Y'相形貌不规则且尺寸较大：随着冷却速率提 [15]Shi ZX,Dong JX,Zhang MC.et al.Solidification characteris- 高，Y相转变为较为规则的立方体型；当冷却速率极 tic and hot tearing susceptibility of Ni-based superalloys for turbo- 高时，y'相转变为球形，尺寸减小至60m左右. charger turbine wheel.Trans Nonferrous Met Soc China,2014, 24(9):2737 参考文献 [16]Zhao Z,Dong J X,Zhang M C,et al.Microstructure and sus- ceptibility to hot tearing of K424 nickel-based superalloys for tur- [1]Academic Committee of the Superalloys,CSM.China Superalloys bocharger turbine wheels.Chin Eng,2016,38(10):1429 Handbook.Beijing:Standards Press of China,2012 (赵展，董建新，张麦仓，等.增压涡轮用K424高温合金组 (中国金属学会高温材料分会.中国高温合金手册（下卷）， 织特征及热裂倾向性.工程科学学报，2016,38(10)：1429) 北京：中国标准出版社，2012) [17]Heckl A,Rettig R,Cenaovic S,et al.Investigation of the final [2]Zhang J,Huang T W,Liu L,et al Advances in solidification char stages of solidification and eutectic phase formation in Re and Ru acteristics and typical casting defects in nickel-based single crystal containing nickel-base superalloys.Cryst Growth,2010,312 superalloys.Acta Metall Sinica,2015,51(10):1163 (14):2137 (张军，黄太文，刘林，等.单品高温合金凝固特性与典型凝 [18]Zhang Y J.Huang Y J,Yang L,et al.Evolution of microstruc- 固缺陷研究.金属学报，2015,51(10)：1163) tures at a wide range of solidification cooling rate in Ni-based su- [3] D'Souza N,Kantor B.West G D,et al.Key aspects of carbide peralloy.J Alloys Compd,2013,570:70 precipitation during solidification in Ni superalloy,MAR MO2.J [19]Liang Y J,Li J,Li A,et al.Solidification path of single-crystal Alloys Compd,2017,702:6 nickel-base superalloys with minor carbon additions under laser rapid [4]Wang H F,Su H J,Zhang J,et al.Investigation on solidification directional solidification conditions.Ser Mater,2017,127:58 path of Ni-based single crystal superalloys with different Ru con- [20]Yang W,Xia W,Xu Z F,et al.Microstructure evolution of tents.Mater Charaet,2017,130:211 K424 superalloy during near-equilibrium and sub-rapid solidifica- [5]Temner M,Yoon H Y,Hong H U,et al.Clear path to the diree- tion processes.Rare Metal Mat Eng,2016,45(1):117 tional solidification of Ni-based superalloy CMSX-10:a peritectic (杨伟，夏卫，徐志峰，等.近平衡与亚快速凝固条件下 reaction.Mater Charact,2015,105:56 K424高温合金的组织演化规律。稀有金属材料与工程， [6] Wang F.Ma D,Zhang J,et al.Solidification behavior of a Ni- 2016,45(1):117) based single crystal CMSX-4 superalloy solidified by downward di- [21]Souza N D,Dong H B.Solidification path in third-generation Ni- rectional solidification process.Mater Charact,2015,101:20 based superalloys,with an emphasis on last stage solidification. [7]Chang LT,Jin H,Sun W R.Solidification behavior of Ni-base Ser Mater,2007,56(1):41赵 展等: K424 高温合金凝固特征及冷却速度对其影响规律 裂敏感性影响较大,从合金凝固行为方面考虑,为保 证合金性能,应调整冷却速率,以不产生粗大的共晶 组织为宜. 4 结论 (1)K424 合金的凝固顺序为:1345 益 ,酌 相从液 相中析出;1308 益 ,发生 L寅L + 酌 + MC 相变,MC 碳 化物开始从液相中析出;约 1260 益 ,在非平衡凝固 条件下,发生 L寅L + (酌 + 酌忆)相变,凝固末期共晶从 残余液相中析出;1237 益 ,凝固结束. (2)K424 共晶组织的产生主要源于非平衡凝 固导致的合金元素偏析,粗大的共晶组织的形成与 Al / Ti(质量比)密切相关;Al / Ti 越小,越容易形成粗 大的共晶. (3)冷却速度对 K424 合金的共晶组织及碳化物 有显著影响. 在近平衡的慢冷速条件下,枝晶粗大, 枝晶间隙也较大,但是由于元素扩散充分,共晶和碳 化物尺寸都较小;随着冷却速率提高,枝晶细化,元素 偏析严重,导致共晶数量及尺寸急剧上升;当冷却速 率极高时,枝晶极其细小,枝晶间隙也较小,共晶数量 及尺寸明显减小,此时碳化物呈现颗粒状. (4)冷却速度对 K424 合金的 酌忆相也有着显著 影响. 在近平衡的慢冷速条件下,由于保温时间较 长,酌忆相形貌不规则且尺寸较大;随着冷却速率提 高,酌忆相转变为较为规则的立方体型;当冷却速率极 高时,酌忆相转变为球形,尺寸减小至 60 nm 左右. 参 考 文 献 [1] Academic Committee of the Superalloys, CSM. China Superalloys Handbook. 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