Feature normalization 3 x For each x dimension i: mean:mi : standard deviation:oi x{-mi The means of all dims are 0, ← Oi and the variances are all 1 In general,feature normalization makes gradient descent converge faster. 4Feature Normalization ……………… …… …… …… …… 𝒙 𝟏 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 𝟑 𝒙 𝒓 𝒙 𝑹 mean: 𝑚𝑖 standard deviation: 𝜎𝑖 𝒙෥𝑖 𝒓 ← 𝒙𝑖 𝒓 − 𝑚𝑖 𝜎𝑖 The means of all dims are 0, and the variances are all 1 For each dimension 𝑖: 𝒙1 𝟏 𝒙2 𝟏 𝒙1 𝟐 𝒙2 𝟐 In general, feature normalization makes gradient descent converge faster. 4