钟丽敏等：石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料的制备及其性能 941· 0.35e Sol Energy,2000,20(4):227 0.29 0.30 0.30 Miao C Y,Lii G,Cao K,et al.Preparation of silica microcap- sules containing phase change paraffin wax /Materials Science 0.25 0.22 Forum.Jeju Island,2007:561 0.20 [8]Zhang HZ,Wang X D.Wu DZ.Silica encapsulation of nocta- decane via sol-gel process:a novel microencapsulated phase- 0.15 change material with enhanced thermal conductivity and perform- 0.10 ance.J Colloid Interface Sci,2010,343(1):246 .05 ]Fang G Y,Chen Z,Li H.Synthesis and properties of microencap- sulated paraffin composites with Si0,shell as thermal energy stor- parafin paralTin/SiO,-2 paralfin/SiO,-I age materials.Chem Eng J.2010,163(2):154 [10]Jin Y,Lee W P,Musina Z,et al.A one-step method for produ- 图6样品paraffin/SiO2A、paraffin/SiO22和石蜡的热导率 cing microencapsulated phase change materials.Particuology, Fig.6 Thermal conductivities of the paraffin/Si02,paraffin/Si02- 2010,8(6):588 2 and paraffin [11]Zhang HZ,Sun S Y,Wang X D,et al.Fabrication of microen- capsulated phase change materials based on n-octadecane core 为2：1时，石蜡包覆率为66.3%，熔点为54.2℃，熔化 and silica shell through interfacial polycondensation.Colloids 焓为133.8J·g1,凝固点为49.5℃，凝固焓为127.5 SwfA,2011,389(3):104 J·g,具有较高的潜热值和良好的可逆相变性能.热 [12]Wang L Y,Tsai P S,Yang Y M.Preparation of silica micro- 重结果显示二氧化硅壳层的存在可以提升复合相变材 spheres encapsulating phase-change material by sol-gel method in 料的热稳定性.当核/壳质量比将为1：1时，热导率为 0/W emulsion.J Microencapsulation,2006,23(1):3 13] Liu P.Su ZX.Thermal stabilities of polystyrene/silica hybrid 0.30Wm·K1,比块体石蜡增加了36.4%.热导率 nanocomposites via microwave-assisted in situ polymerization. 的提高将提升传热效率，有利于其实际应用.二氧化 Mater Chem Phys,2005,94(3):412 硅作为一种无机的无定形壳材，与传统的高分子壳材 [14]Jaramillo N,Paucar C,Garcia C.Influence of the reaction time 相比，具有显著阻燃的效果，极大地增强了复合相变材 and the Triton x-00/Cyclohexane/Methanol/H2O ratio on the 料的使用安全性.石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料有望 morphology and size of silica nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel 在建筑保温、智能保温纺织物等方面得到较好的应用 assisted by reverse micelle microemulsion.J Mater Sci,2014,49 (9):3400 5] Ferandes M T C,Garcia R B R,Leite C A P,et al.The com- 参考文献 peting effect of ammonia in the synthesis of iron oxide/silica nan- 1]Zalba B,Marin J M,Cabeza L F,et al.Review on thermal ener- oparticles in microemulsion/sol-gel system.Colloids Surf A, gy storage with phase change:materials,heat transfer analysis and 2013,422:136 applications.Appl Therm Eng,2003.23 (3)251 06] Mani G,Pushparaj H,Peng MM,et al.Synthesis and charac- Salaiin F,Devaux E,Bourbigot S,et al.Influence of process pa- terization of pharmaceutical surfactant templated mesoporous sili- rameters on microcapsules loaded with n-hexadecane prepared by ca:its application to controlled delivery of duloxetine.Mater Res in situ polymerization.Chem Eng J,2009,155 (2):457 Bll,2014,51:228 B]Fang G Y,Li H,Yang F,et al.Preparation and characterization 17]Zhang XX,Fan Y F,Tao X M,et al.Fabrication and proper- of nano-encapsulated n-etradecane as phase change material for ties of microcapsules and nanocapsules containing noctadecane. thermal energy storage.Chem Eng J,2009,153(3):217 Mater Chem Phys,2004,88(3):300 [4]Su J F,Wang L X,Ren L.Synthesis of polyurethane microPCMs [i8] Taguchi Y,Yokoyama H,Kado H,et al.Preparation of PCM containing n-octadecane by interfacial polycondensation:influence microcapsules by using oil absorbable polymer particles.Colloids of styrene-maleic anhydride as a surfactant.Colloids Suf A. SufA,2007,301(3):41 2007,299(3):268 [19]Rao Y,Lin G P,Luo Y,et al.Preparation and thermal proper- [5]Zhang G H,Bon S A F.Zhao C Y.Synthesis,characterization ties of microencapsulated phase change material for enhancing and thermal properties of novel nanoencapsulated phase change fluid flow heat transfer.Heat Transfer Asian Res,2007,36(1): materials for thermal energy storage.Sol Energy,2012,86(5): 28 1149 20]Liu Y L.Wei W L,Hsu K Y,et al.Thermal stability of epoxy- [6]Hawlader M,Uddin M S,Zhu H J.Preparation and evaluation of silica hybrid materials by thermogravimetric analysis.Thermo- a novel solar storage material:microencapsulated paraffin.Int I chim Acta,2004,412(2）:139钟丽敏等: 石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料的制备及其性能 图 6 样品 paraffin / SiO2 -1、paraffin / SiO2 -2 和石蜡的热导率 Fig． 6 Thermal conductivities of the paraffin / SiO2 -1，paraffin / SiO2 - 2 and paraffin 为 2∶ 1时，石蜡包覆率为 66. 3% ，熔点为 54. 2 ℃，熔化 焓为 133. 8 J·g － 1，凝固点为 49. 5 ℃，凝固焓为 127. 5 J·g － 1，具有较高的潜热值和良好的可逆相变性能． 热 重结果显示二氧化硅壳层的存在可以提升复合相变材 料的热稳定性． 当核/壳质量比将为 1∶ 1时，热导率为 0. 30 W·m － 1·K － 1，比块体石蜡增加了 36. 4% ． 热导率 的提高将提升传热效率，有利于其实际应用． 二氧化 硅作为一种无机的无定形壳材，与传统的高分子壳材 相比，具有显著阻燃的效果，极大地增强了复合相变材 料的使用安全性． 石蜡/二氧化硅复合相变材料有望 在建筑保温、智能保温纺织物等方面得到较好的应用． 参 考 文 献 ［1］ Zalba B，Marín J M，Cabeza L F，et al． Ｒeview on thermal ener￾gy storage with phase change: materials，heat transfer analysis and applications． Appl Therm Eng，2003，23( 3) : 251 ［2］ Salaün F，Devaux E，Bourbigot S，et al． Influence of process pa￾rameters on microcapsules loaded with n-hexadecane prepared by in situ polymerization． Chem Eng J，2009，155( 2) : 457 ［3］ Fang G Y，Li H，Yang F，et al． Preparation and characterization of nano-encapsulated n-tetradecane as phase change material for thermal energy storage． Chem Eng J，2009，153( 3) : 217 ［4］ Su J F，Wang L X，Ｒen L． Synthesis of polyurethane microPCMs containing n-octadecane by interfacial polycondensation: influence of styrene-maleic anhydride as a surfactant． Colloids Surf A， 2007，299( 3) : 268 ［5］ Zhang G H，Bon S A F，Zhao C Y． Synthesis，characterization and thermal properties of novel nanoencapsulated phase change materials for thermal energy storage． Sol Energy，2012，86 ( 5) : 1149 ［6］ Hawlader M，Uddin M S，Zhu H J． Preparation and evaluation of a novel solar storage material: microencapsulated paraffin． Int J Sol Energy，2000，20( 4) : 227 ［7］ Miao C Y，Lü G，Cao K，et al． Preparation of silica microcap￾sules containing phase change paraffin wax / / Materials Science Forum． Jeju Island，2007: 561 ［8］ Zhang H Z，Wang X D，Wu D Z． Silica encapsulation of n-octa￾decane via sol-gel process: a novel microencapsulated phase￾change material with enhanced thermal conductivity and perform￾ance． J Colloid Interface Sci，2010，343( 1) : 246 ［9］ Fang G Y，Chen Z，Li H． Synthesis and properties of microencap￾sulated paraffin composites with SiO2 shell as thermal energy stor￾age materials． Chem Eng J，2010，163( 2) : 154 ［10］ Jin Y，Lee W P，Musina Z，et al． A one-step method for produ￾cing microencapsulated phase change materials． Particuology， 2010，8( 6) : 588 ［11］ Zhang H Z，Sun S Y，Wang X D，et al． Fabrication of microen￾capsulated phase change materials based on n-octadecane core and silica shell through interfacial polycondensation． Colloids Surf A，2011，389( 3) : 104 ［12］ Wang L Y，Tsai P S，Yang Y M． Preparation of silica micro￾spheres encapsulating phase-change material by sol-gel method in O /W emulsion． J Microencapsulation，2006，23( 1) : 3 ［13］ Liu P，Su Z X． Thermal stabilities of polystyrene / silica hybrid nanocomposites via microwave-assisted in situ polymerization． Mater Chem Phys，2005，94( 3) : 412 ［14］ Jaramillo N，Paucar C，García C． Influence of the reaction time and the Triton x-100 /Cyclohexane /Methanol /H2O ratio on the morphology and size of silica nanoparticles synthesized via sol-gel assisted by reverse micelle microemulsion． J Mater Sci，2014，49 ( 9) : 3400 ［15］ Fernandes M T C，Garcia Ｒ B Ｒ，Leite C A P，et al． The com￾peting effect of ammonia in the synthesis of iron oxide / silica nan￾oparticles in microemulsion / sol-gel system． Colloids Surf A， 2013，422: 136 ［16］ Mani G，Pushparaj H，Peng M M，et al． Synthesis and charac￾terization of pharmaceutical surfactant templated mesoporous sili￾ca: its application to controlled delivery of duloxetine． Mater Ｒes Bull，2014，51: 228 ［17］ Zhang X X，Fan Y F，Tao X M，et al． Fabrication and proper￾ties of microcapsules and nanocapsules containing n-octadecane． Mater Chem Phys，2004，88( 3) : 300 ［18］ Taguchi Y，Yokoyama H，Kado H，et al． Preparation of PCM microcapsules by using oil absorbable polymer particles． Colloids Surf A，2007，301( 3) : 41 ［19］ Ｒao Y，Lin G P，Luo Y，et al． Preparation and thermal proper￾ties of microencapsulated phase change material for enhancing fluid flow heat transfer． Heat Transfer Asian Ｒes，2007，36( 1) : 28 ［20］ Liu Y L，Wei W L，Hsu K Y，et al． Thermal stability of epoxy￾silica hybrid materials by thermogravimetric analysis． Thermo￾chim Acta，2004，412( 2) : 139 · 149 ·