《局外旁觀論》 A Bystander's View Robert Hart The history of essays of westernisation written by Chinese intellectuals in the nineteen century is closely researched by historians and sinologists in different generations. Until now,the landmark work is still S.Teng and J.Fairbank,China's Response to the West:A documentary Survey,1839-1923(Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press, 1954),1st edition.!China's Response to the West focuses its documentary analyses on a wide range of essays written by Chinese intellectuals from the pre Opium War to the May Fourth Movement.China's Response to the West significantly helps reader to advance their understanding of John Fairbank,Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast,The Opening of the Treaty Ports,1842-1854 (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1953),1st edition,2 volumes,2 especially Chapter I,The Problem of China's Response to the West'. From Commissioner Lin Zexu's 1785-1850)moral advice to Queen Victoria to Sun Yat-sen's (adoption of the Russian Party System,the selected sixty-five documents are partially translated in English for researchers who are not familiar with literary Chinese or who intend to introduce some ideas of these essays to the non-Chinese world.Different from translating Chinese books to English,the descriptive account of this eight decades period is simply presented by the translations 1The 1954 edition of China's Response to the West:A documentary Survey.1839-1923 is published with S.Teng and J.Fairbank,Research Guide for China's Response to the West:A documentary Survey, 1839-1923 (Cambridge,MA:Harvard University Press,1954).The latter contains the references, bibliography and glossary of the former.In 1979,the Harvard University Press published the second edition of China's Response to the West,but the 1954 Research Guide is neither published nor combined with the 1979 edition.Hence,the latest edition of China's Response to the West,the 1979 edition,has no references,bibliography and glossary.This has become a serious problem of using this book as the 1954 Research Guide is difficult to find now. 2 The 1953 edition of Trade and Diplomacy is published in two volumes.Similar to the 1954 edition of China's Response to the West,the second volume contains the reference notes,appendices, bibliography and glossary only,but fortunately,the two volumes were combined into one volume in 1964.The 1969 Stanford University Press paperback edition is based on the 1964 edition with John Fairbank's 1968 preface and some minor corrections.The 1969 edition is the latest edition. 11 《局外旁觀論》 A Bystander’s View Robert Hart The history of essays of westernisation written by Chinese intellectuals in the nineteen century is closely researched by historians and sinologists in different generations. Until now, the landmark work is still S. Teng and J. Fairbank, China’s Response to the West: A documentary Survey, 1839-1923 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954), 1 st edition.1 China’s Response to the West focuses its documentary analyses on a wide range of essays written by Chinese intellectuals from the pre Opium War to the May Fourth Movement. China’s Response to the West significantly helps reader to advance their understanding of John Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast, The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 1842-1854 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1953), 1 st edition, 2 volumes,2 especially Chapter I, ‘The Problem of China’s Response to the West’. From Commissioner Lin Zexu’s (林則徐 1785-1850) moral advice to Queen Victoria to Sun Yat-sen’s () adoption of the Russian Party System, the selected sixty-five documents are partially translated in English for researchers who are not familiar with literary Chinese or who intend to introduce some ideas of these essays to the non-Chinese world. Different from translating Chinese books to English, the descriptive account of this eight decades period is simply presented by the translations 1 The 1954 edition of China’s Response to the West: A documentary Survey, 1839-1923 is published with S. Teng and J. Fairbank, Research Guide for China’s Response to the West: A documentary Survey, 1839-1923 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1954). The latter contains the references, bibliography and glossary of the former. In 1979, the Harvard University Press published the second edition of China’s Response to the West, but the 1954 Research Guide is neither published nor combined with the 1979 edition. Hence, the latest edition of China’s Response to the West, the 1979 edition, has no references, bibliography and glossary. This has become a serious problem of using this book as the 1954 Research Guide is difficult to find now. 2 The 1953 edition of Trade and Diplomacy is published in two volumes. Similar to the 1954 edition of China’s Response to the West, the second volume contains the reference notes, appendices, bibliography and glossary only, but fortunately, the two volumes were combined into one volume in 1964. The 1969 Stanford University Press paperback edition is based on the 1964 edition with John Fairbank’s 1968 preface and some minor corrections. The 1969 edition is the latest edition