★Knowledge--based platform/perspective(以知识为基础的理论平台) ★Advocacy platform/perspective(拥护提倡型理论平台) Tourism is an inherent benefit to communities that should be developed under free market principles.This platform can be described as an "anti-management" perspective,which assumes that tourism is an inherently positive force best left to its own-the role of government,if any,is to facilitate the growth of tourism through the passing of pro-tourism legislation and by maintain law and orde Cautionary platform/perspective(小心谨慎型理论平台) A reaction to the advocacy platform that stresses the negative impacts of tourism and the consequent nee regulation.This platform is a management perspective that perceives tourism to be an inherently destructive force that has to be strictly controlled or avoided altogether Adaptancy platform/perspective(政变适应型理论平台) A follow-up on the cautionary platform that advocates alternative forms of tourism deemed to be more appropriate than the mass tourism fostered by the advocacy platform.In alignment with the cautionary platform,adaptancy platform introduced and articulated concepts that were conceived as more regulated and small-scale alternatives to mass tourism,such as alternative tourism and ecotourism. Knowledge-based platform/perspective(以知识为基础的理论平台((scient, decision for public administration) The most recent dominant perspective in tourism studies,emphasizing ideological★ Knowledge-based platform/perspective (以知识为基础的理论平台) ★ Advocacy platform/perspective (拥护提倡型理论平台) Tourism is an inherent benefit to communities that should be developed under free market principles. This platform can be described as an “anti-management” perspective, which assumes that tourism is an inherently positive force best left to its own – the role of government, if any, is to facilitate the growth of tourism through the passing of pro-tourism legislation and by maintain law and order. Cautionary platform/perspective (小心谨慎型理论平台) A reaction to the advocacy platform that stresses the negative impacts of tourism and the consequent need for strict regulation. This platform is a management perspective that perceives tourism to be an inherently destructive force that has to be strictly controlled or avoided altogether. Adaptancy platform/perspective (改变适应型理论平台) A follow-up on the cautionary platform that advocates alternative forms of tourism deemed to be more appropriate than the mass tourism fostered by the advocacy platform. In alignment with the cautionary platform, adaptancy platform introduced and articulated concepts that were conceived as more regulated and small-scale alternatives to mass tourism, such as alternative tourism and ecotourism. Knowledge-based platform/perspective (以知识为基础的理论平台)(scientific decision for public administration) The most recent dominant perspective in tourism studies, emphasizing ideological