19Deon During the KoreanWr Shen Zhihua and Yafeng Xia 199 The Chinese foreign ministry archives also revealed the reason th China decided to reject the UN cease-fire resolution:mainly.Mao wa nor interested in armistice negotiations,at least for the moment.Ale lengthy speech at the UN General Assembly,condemning Zhou SoMa Peng Dhuon the pV Enlai's reply.He said that the UN had explored every possibility for He peneecisn a peaceful settlement and now it was time to take firm action or face euo thehs ofKm Iungn the ruin.He called China the aggressor and urged the UN to immediately Sn)Such nngmby Mao an Peng draft and adopt a resolution condemning China(Shijie zhishi chuban- idhat the Chineshadvupdvncing farthero she 1960.377-381).On January 19,the US House of Representatives Theynorebalenomletely de passed a resolution that called on the UN to declare China an aggres- UNoAfler the thrd campaign.the CPV pary commtee sor.Four days later,the Senate voted in favor of similar action(Gu 1989,197,201:Stueck 1995.155).China's rejection offered Wash- kedorntrregartingtasksdrimecstandrcorganizationonJhanuary8 hesfor the whole paryand amy tover ington a golden opportunity to present its resolution to the UN Gen- eral Assembly condemning China as aggressor,which the United mfcoimprove tactics and sills.When the et cm States tabled in the first committee of the General Assembly on Jan- iwewill aate all enemies and liberate all Kore uary 20(Stueck 1995,154). unshi kexueyuan 2000.192).In his telegram to Peng on January14 Zhou's statement generated harmful effects in many countries. Mao sresed the importance of preparing for"the last battein the India,Canada,and Great Britain were disappointed and requested springinodertofundamentally resolve the issue"in April and May. clarifications from Beijing(Stueck 1995,155).Indian Prime Minis- Mao had wo calculations for the future war:first,confronted by ter Jawaharlal Nehru argued that the Chinese government had not the power of Chinese and North Korean forces.the enemy would completely rejected the UN resolution.Rau spoke at the UN General make some efforts to resist,but would soon retreat from Korea:sec. Assembly,stating that the Chinese government's reply was not an ond.the enemy would put up a tenacious resistance near the areas of outright rejection of the principles established by the three-person Taegu and Pusan.in the middle and south of South Korea.The enemy group.It was"a partial acceptance,a partial rejection,partly re- Mao figured,would retreat from Korea only after it had been beaten questing clarification,and partly counter-proposal."He argued that up.The following day.Mao transmitted this view in a telegram to China's counterproposal"warranted further discussions and negotia- Stalin (APRF 1950.f.45,op.1.d.337,ll.1-3).Since Mao believed tions."Lester Pearson was not so diplomatic,declaring that"Beijing's that the CPV would win a total victory and the US-UN forces would rejection of the UN resolution has closed the avenue for resolution of be forced to abandon Korea,why should the PRC bother to negotiate the Far Eastern problems."Britain,which had been supporting the to end the war so soon?Thus.China insisted on the principle of ne. PRC's admission to the UN,now made it known that it"consents to gotiations first and cease-fire afterward and opposed cease-fire first the denunciation of China's intervention in support of aggressors." and negotiations afterward. although it did not advocate adopting any new measures (CFMA 1950,no.116-00049-02,21-23:Shijie zhishi chubanshe 1960.382- 384.384-388) China's Lost Opportunity To win the support of worldwide public opinion,in the form of re sponding to queries from Panikkar,the Chinese foreign ministry pro- Branded an Aggressor and Forced to Retreat posed an amendment on January 22.It stated that a cease-fire for a limited period could be agreed upon at the first meeting of the Seven- China's rejection of the UN cease-fire resolution was a great relief to Nation Conference and put into effect so that negotiations could pro- the US state department.On January 18 Warren Austin delivered a ceed further;but the terms for cessation of hostilities must be linked to a discussion of political issues and it must guarantee the PRC's seat