A4 B2(g) 2A2(g)+B2(g) 0 2a ∴a=0.2 四、阿玛加分体积定律( Amagat's law of partial volumes) 1.什么叫分体积:混合气体中某组分i单独存在,并且和混合气体的温度,压强相同 时,所具有的体积V,称为混合气体中第i组分的分体积,图示为: n1+ T、p相同 总体积V 分体积V1分体积V2 2.分体积定律:当温度,压力相同时,混合气体的总体积等于各组分分体积之和 r=nR(n+n2+…+n+…)Rr n, RT/p+n,RT/p+.+n RT/p+ P =nRT/p+nR/p+…+RT/p+…=+2+…+F+…=∑ 五、格拉罕姆扩散定律( Grahan' s Law of effusion and diffusion) 1. Difference between effusion and diffusion. The mixture of one gas with another is called diffusion. Effusion means gas molecules move from a high-pressure region to a low- pressure region through a pin hole 2. Graham's law: Thomas Graham discovered that the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass 在恒压条件下,某一温度下的气体的扩散速率与其密度(或摩尔质量)的平方根成 反比 3.表达式: /2=y2n=√M2/M Glass tube Cotton wet with White nng of NHaCI (s Cotton wet with forms where the NHa and HCKaq) (a)a demonstration of the relative diffusion rates of NH, and HCl molecules through air. Two cotton plugs, one dipped in HCI(aq) and one dipped in NH, (aq), are simultan- eously inserted into the ends of the tube. Gaseous NH, and HCI vaporizing from the cotton plugs diffuse toward each other and, where they meet, react to form NH CI(s) (b)When HCKg) and NH, (g) meet in the tube, a white ring of NH,CI(s)forms 4.证明:(1)理论推导由分子运动论的推导可知:3=3D(p=mM) N N·m/,气体的密度为p=V L √ 1111 Solution： A4B2(g) 2A2(g) + B2(g) 1 0 0 1−α 2α α ∴ 1 1 1 2 1.4    = − + + ∴α = 0.2 四、阿玛加分体积定律（Amagat’s Law of Partial Volumes） 1．什么叫分体积：混合气体中某组分 i 单独存在，并且和混合气体的温度，压强相同 时，所具有的体积 Vi ，称为混合气体中第 i 组分的分体积，图示为： T、p 相同时 总体积 V 分体积 V1 分体积 V2 n1 + n2 n1 n2 2．分体积定律：当温度，压力相同时，混合气体的总体积等于各组分分体积之和 3．Deduction： 1 2 1 2 ( ) / / / i i nRT n n n RT V n RT p n RT p n RT p p p + + + + = = = + + + + 1 2 / / / i = + + + + n RT p n RT p n RT p = + + + + = V V V V 1 2 i i  五、格拉罕姆扩散定律 （Graham’s Law of Effusion and Diffusion） 1．Difference between effusion and diffusion . The mixture of one gas with another is called diffusion. Effusion means gas molecules move from a high-pressure region to a low￾pressure region through a pin hole 2．Graham’s law: Thomas Graham discovered that the effusion rate of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass 在恒压条件下，某一温度下的气体的扩散速率与其密度（或摩尔质量）的平方根成 反比 3．表达式： 1 2 2 1 2 1 u u M M / / / = =   4．证明：(1) 理论推导 由分子运动论的推导可知： 2 3 2 ( ) 3 u pV m pV Nu N m = =  ∴ 3 / u p N m V =  ，气体的密度为 N m V   = ∴当 p = constant ， 1 u  