DOL:10.13374/h.issn1001-053x.2011.05.016 第33卷第5期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.33 No.5 2011年5月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing May 2011 细菌化学诱变对低品位铜尾矿微生物浸出的影响 董颖博2)林海2)✉傅开彬)莫晓兰》汪涵) 1)北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京1000832)北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教有部重点实验室，北京100083 ☒通信作者，E-mail:linhai@ces.usth.ed.cm 摘要以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌T.「。优势菌株为原始菌，采用盐酸羟胺对其进行化学诱变，重点研究了化学诱变对菌种活性、 生长繁殖以及尾矿浸出体系的影响.结果表明，羟胺诱变能使菌种产生明显变异，能很好地提高菌种活性和生物浸出能力. 盐酸羟胺质量分数1.0%时所得诱变菌的氧化活性最高，32h后Fe2·氧化率达到100%，而在相同条件下原始菌的Fe2·氧化 率达到100%则延迟32.尾矿浸出30d,诱变菌的铜浸出率比原始菌提高了20.7%，比酸浸铜浸出率提高了85%：同时，到达 浸出终点的时间比原始菌提前了5~8d.说明诱变菌浸出效果好于原始菌，远优于化学浸出.菌种诱变前后扫描电镜测试表 明，诱变菌种的形态没有变化，但细胞大小有所改变，表面变得光滑且出现胞外分泌物，同时细胞间聚团现象明显 关键词尾矿：铜：细菌浸出：化学诱变：盐酸羟胺 分类号TD925.5 Effects of chemical mutation on the microbial leaching of low grade copper tail- ings DONG Ying-bo2》,LIN Hai.2☒，FU Kai--bin),M0Xiao4an》,WANG Han') 1)School of Civil and Environmental Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China 2)Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines,University of Science and Technology Bei- jing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:linhai@ces.ustb.edu.cn ABSTRACT The effects of chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the activity and growth of strains and the tailing leaching system were investigated with the superior bacteria of Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans (T.f)as an original strain.The results showed that chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride produced an evident mutation in the strain T.f,which can improve its bioactivity and bioleaching properties.The strain T.f had the best oxidation after chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride with a mass fraction of 1.0%.The oxidation rate of Fereached 100%after culturing for 32h,which was 32h in advance in compari- son with the original strain.After a 30d leaching,the copper leaching rate of the mutant strain T.fs was improved by 20.7%as com- pared with that of the original strain and it was 85%higher than the acid leaching rate.In addition,utilizing the mutant strain could shorten the leaching time of 5 to 8d.It is indicated that the effect of bioleaching with the mutant strain is better than that with the origi- nal strain,and much better than that of the acid leaching.Scanning electron microscope analyses of the original strain and the mutant strain showed that the shape of the mutant strain did not change but the cell size did,the surface changed smooth and extracellular se- cretion occurred,while the clustering of cells was obvious. KEY WORDS tailings:copper:bioleaching:chemical mutation:hydroxylamine hydrochloride 矿产资源是不可再生资源，经过逐年开采利用 素Ⅲ.对尾矿再选研究较多采用传统选矿工艺和化 己日渐枯竭.受过去思想认识和技术条件限制，有 学浸出方法，但均存在一定局限性风，采用微生物 的矿山选矿回收率不高，矿产综合利用程度不足，现 技术处理低品位尾矿是一种有效的方法回.目前国 己堆存甚至正排出的尾矿中都含有丰富的有用元 外的细菌浸矿技术已较广泛应用于低品位原生矿的 收稿日期：2010-05-10 基金项目：北京市教有委员会共建项目(N。.XK100080432)第 33 卷 第 5 期 2011 年 5 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol． 33 No． 5 May 2011 细菌化学诱变对低品位铜尾矿微生物浸出的影响 董颖博1，2) 林 海1，2) 傅开彬1) 莫晓兰1) 汪 涵1) 1) 北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院，北京 100083 2) 北京科技大学金属矿山高效开采与安全教育部重点实验室，北京 100083 通信作者，E-mail: linhai@ ces． ustb． edu． cn 摘 要 以嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌 T． f6优势菌株为原始菌，采用盐酸羟胺对其进行化学诱变，重点研究了化学诱变对菌种活性、 生长繁殖以及尾矿浸出体系的影响． 结果表明，羟胺诱变能使菌种产生明显变异，能很好地提高菌种活性和生物浸出能力． 盐酸羟胺质量分数 1. 0% 时所得诱变菌的氧化活性最高，32 h 后 Fe 2 + 氧化率达到 100% ，而在相同条件下原始菌的 Fe 2 + 氧化 率达到 100% 则延迟 32 h． 尾矿浸出 30 d，诱变菌的铜浸出率比原始菌提高了 20. 7% ，比酸浸铜浸出率提高了 85% ; 同时，到达 浸出终点的时间比原始菌提前了 5 ～ 8 d． 说明诱变菌浸出效果好于原始菌，远优于化学浸出． 菌种诱变前后扫描电镜测试表 明，诱变菌种的形态没有变化，但细胞大小有所改变，表面变得光滑且出现胞外分泌物，同时细胞间聚团现象明显． 关键词 尾矿; 铜; 细菌浸出; 化学诱变; 盐酸羟胺 分类号 TD925. 5 Effects of chemical mutation on the microbial leaching of low grade copper tail￾ings DONG Ying-bo 1，2) ，LIN Hai 1，2) ，FU Kai-bin1) ，MO Xiao-lan1) ，WANG Han1) 1) School of Civil and Environmental Engineering，University of Science and Technology Beijing，Beijing 100083，China 2) Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for High-Efficient Mining and Safety of Metal Mines，University of Science and Technology Bei￾jing，Beijing 100083，China Corresponding author，E-mail: linhai@ ces． ustb． edu． cn ABSTRACT The effects of chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride on the activity and growth of strains and the tailing leaching system were investigated with the superior bacteria of Acidthiobacillus ferrooxidans ( T． f6 ) as an original strain． The results showed that chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride produced an evident mutation in the strain T． f6，which can improve its bioactivity and bioleaching properties． The strain T． f6 had the best oxidation after chemical mutation by hydroxylamine hydrochloride with a mass fraction of 1. 0% ． The oxidation rate of Fe 2 + reached 100% after culturing for 32 h，which was 32 h in advance in compari￾son with the original strain． After a 30 d leaching，the copper leaching rate of the mutant strain T． f6 was improved by 20. 7% as com￾pared with that of the original strain and it was 85% higher than the acid leaching rate． In addition，utilizing the mutant strain could shorten the leaching time of 5 to 8 d． It is indicated that the effect of bioleaching with the mutant strain is better than that with the origi￾nal strain，and much better than that of the acid leaching． Scanning electron microscope analyses of the original strain and the mutant strain showed that the shape of the mutant strain did not change but the cell size did，the surface changed smooth and extracellular se￾cretion occurred，while the clustering of cells was obvious． KEY WORDS tailings; copper; bioleaching; chemical mutation; hydroxylamine hydrochloride 收稿日期: 2010--05--10 基金项目: 北京市教育委员会共建项目( No． XK100080432) 矿产资源是不可再生资源，经过逐年开采利用 已日渐枯竭． 受过去思想认识和技术条件限制，有 的矿山选矿回收率不高，矿产综合利用程度不足，现 已堆存甚至正排出的尾矿中都含有丰富的有用元 素［1］． 对尾矿再选研究较多采用传统选矿工艺和化 学浸出方法，但均存在一定局限性［2］，采用微生物 技术处理低品位尾矿是一种有效的方法［3］． 目前国 外的细菌浸矿技术已较广泛应用于低品位原生矿的 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2011.05.016