THE INTERNATIONAL PHONETIC ALPHABET (revised to 1993) CONSONANTS (PULMONIC Bilabial Labiodental Dental Alveolar Postalveolar Retroflex Palatal velar Uvular PharyngealGlotal Plosive p b t d t d c于kg|qG Nasal n n J r Trill B r R ap or Flap R中βfve6sz∫3|sz| sjxylx k hfh Lateral fricative Approximant Lateral approximant L Where symbols appear in pairs, the one to the right represents a voiced consonant. Shaded areas denote articulations judged impossible