THE TRANSFORMATION OF FOREIGN POLICIES Modernization,Interdependence,and Externalization By EDWARD L.MORSE* Nolyhasadicallytransomed bythe tionary processes of modernization not only in the socicties com- posing the Atlantic region,but wherever high levels of modernization cxist.There is a quality about modernization that dissolves the effects of what have generally been considered the major determinants of foreign policy,whether these determinants are based on idcology and type of political system (democratic versus totalitarian foreign policies, for example),or power and capability (great-power versus small- power policics).Wherever modernized socicties exist,their foreign policies are more similar to each other than they are to the foreign policies of nonmodernized societies,regardless of the scale of the society or its type of government. Both the intcrnational and the domestic settings in which foreign policies are formulated and conducted are subjected to continual and revolutionary transformation once high levels of modernization exist. Internationally,modernization is accompanied by increascd levels and types of interdependencies among national socicties.Domestically,it is associated with increased centralization of governmental institutions and governmental decision-making as well as with incrcased priorities for domestic rather than for external needs. As a result of these transformations,thrce gcneral sets of conditions have developed.First,the ideal and classical distinctions between for- eign and domestic affairs have broken down,even though the myths associated with sovereignty and the state have not.Second,the dis- tinction between "high policies"(those associated with security and the continued existence of the state)and "low policies"(those pertain- ing to the wealth and welfare of the citizens)has become less important as low policies have assumed an increasingly large role in any society. Third,although there have been significant developments in the in- *I wish to acknowledge with gratitude the support given me by the Center of International Studies of Princeton University in the preparation of this article