Freezing Responses during Cryosurgery ·Direct cell injury Ice crystals -solutes effect -thermal stresses ·Vascular damage Blood complete shut down at about 1-3C -Reperfusion ·Apoptosis Programmed cell deathFreezing Responses during Cryosurgery • Direct cell injury – Ice crystals – solutes effect – thermal stresses • Vascular damage – Blood complete shut down at about 1‐3oC – Reperfusion • Apoptosis – Programmed cell death