2018/4/27 Large Transport Airplanes 圆上活发大学 Current Noise Standards 国上茶大坐 Noise Standards for Large Transport Airplanes Current standards used worldwide FAR Part 36(USA)-har -1977/Chapter 3, For ain 412日 :R6g二nnex16 Annex1.6 For hesvy aircraft,~10dB 2001 for 2006/Chapter 4 AP 36(Russia)-old FAR 36,new Annex 16 +10dB relative to Chapter 3 CCAR36 (China)-FAR 36 Technical side of aircraft noise certification will be presented in EnvironmentalLecture Wenbin Song ETOPS 国上活大学 Model Aircraft and UAS 国上活大学 ETOPS:Extended Twin-Engine Operations,or Extended-range The terms Unmanned Aircraft (UA)or Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA)are Twin-Engine Operational Performance used to d crihe the aircraft itselt where eas the term Unmanned Aircraft Or Engines Turn Or Passenger Swim System(UAS)is generally used to describe the entire operating equipment Started with ETOPS-60,then ETOPS-90,ETOPS-120,now extends hide to ETOPS-180 (UAV)is still re Airbus intends phased out so that the aircraft classification is given a clearer emphasis (From CAA) Approval for ETOPS ETOPS type approval forthe airtram ombination ETOPS operatk n for the airlines wote3到 ethan 150 kg UAS Pilots and Crew Qualification 圈上活大学 Certification of autonomous aircraft 圆上萨大峰 Different levels ScanEagle (a long-endurance,autonomous unmanned aircraft Basic National UAS Certificate-small Unmanned Aircraft SUA (BNUC- system(UAS)that provides persistent daytime and nighttime STM)<20kg intelligence,surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR)for civilian and Basic National UAS Certificate BNUCTM (Level 2)20-150 Kg defense operations ked wing ned Rotary nd marking Lighter-than-air(LTA) grating aft systems GCS Operation into national airspace by 2015. -Over Water Operation -Mountain Operation-pending sny-Dt.Wentin Song chool at and ronas 62018/4/27 6 © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Large Transport Airplanes • Noise Standards for Large Transport Airplanes – Jet Aircraft, ~1972/Chapter 2, • Derived versions in 1981, with ~6dB reduction – 1977/Chapter 3, • For light aircraft, ~16dB • For heavy aircraft, ~10dB – 2001 for 2006/Chapter 4 • 10dB relative to Chapter 3 © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Current Noise Standards • Current standards used worldwide – ICAO Annex 16 – FAR Part 36 (USA) – harmonized with the Annex 16 – JAR 36 (JAA) = Annex 16 – CS 36 (EASA) = Annex 16 – AP 36 (Russia) – old FAR 36, new Annex 16 – CCAR 36 (China) – FAR 36 Technical side of aircraft noise certification will be presented in Environmental Lecture © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics ETOPS • ETOPS: Extended Twin-Engine Operations, or Extended-range Twin-Engine Operational Performance • Or Engines Turn Or Passenger Swim • Started with ETOPS-60, then ETOPS-90, ETOPS-120, now extends to ETOPS-180 • Airbus intends to certify its A350 to 350-minute ETOPS, while Boeing is planning to certify its 787 to 330-minutes ETOPS • Approval for ETOPS – ETOPS type approval for the airframe/engine combination – ETOPS operational certification for the airlines © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Model Aircraft and UAS • The terms Unmanned Aircraft (UA) or Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) are used to describe the aircraft itself, whereas the term Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) is generally used to describe the entire operating equipment including the aircraft, the control station from where the aircraft is operated and the wireless data link. The term Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is still referred to in some areas, but this is progressively being phased out so that the 'aircraft' classification is given a clearer emphasis. (From CAA) Aircraft Mass Airworthiness Approval? Registration? Operating Permission? Pilot Qualification 20 kg and less No No Yes (Note 1) Yes (Note 1)BNUC-STM or equivalent (Note 2) More than 20 kg, up to and including 150 kg Yes (Note 3) Yes (Note 3) Yes Yes, BNUCTMor equivalent (Note 2) More than 150 kg EASA Permit to Fly or UK Permit to Fly in accordance with 'B conditions' (Note 3) Yes Yes Yes,BNUCTM,CPL(A) or equivalent (Note 2) 1) Applicable from 1 January 20 10 for aircraft used for Aerial Work purposes or if flown within a congested area and/or closeto people or property. 2) Equivalent pilot experience will be considered on a case-by-case basis during application for an operating permission. 3) It may be possible to obtain certain exemptions from the airworthiness and registration requirements. © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics UAS Pilots and Crew Qualification • Different levels – Basic National UAS Certificate – small Unmanned Aircraft SUA (BNUC￾STM)<20kg – Basic National UAS Certificate BNUC™ (Level 2) 20 - 150 Kg • Ratings available include: – Fixed Wing – Rotary – Lighter-than-air (LTA) – GCS Operation – Over Water Operation – Mountain Operation - pending More information: http://www.eurousc.com/luass/pilots.html © Shanghai Jiao Tong University – Dr. Wenbin Song School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Certification of autonomous aircraft • ScanEagle (a long-endurance, autonomous unmanned aircraft system (UAS) that provides persistent daytime and nighttime intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) for civilian and defense operations • In 2013, received restricted category type certification for commercial operations from FAA, becoming first unmanned aircraft for commercial beyond-line-of-site operations and marking significant milestones in integrating unmanned aircraft systems into national airspace by 2015