Table of contents 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology The Body: an Open System with an Internal Environment ontrol and Regulation..4 Transport In, Through and Between Cells..16 Transport by Means of Diffu Osmosis Filtration and Convection.. 24 Active Transport…26 Electrical Membrane potentials and lon Channels. 3 tole of Ca2 in Cell Regulation..36 Energy Production and Metabolism.. 38 2 Nerve and Muscle, Physical Work Neuron Structure and Function .. 4 Resting Membrane potential .. 44 Action potential….46 Propagation of Action Potentials in Nerve Fiber..48 ficial Stimulation of Nerve Cells .. 50 Synaptic Transmission. 50 Motor end.- plate…56 Motility and Muscle Types..58 Motor unit of skeletal muscle .. 58 Contractile Apparatus of Striated Muscle..60 Contraction of Striated Muscle .. 62 Mechanical Features of skeletal muscle .. 66 Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction..7. Physical Fitness and Training..76 3 Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System(ANS) Acetylcholine and Cholinergic Transmission..82 Catecholamines, Adrenergic Transmission and Adrenoceptors..84 Adrenal Medulla…86 lon-cholinergic, Non-adrenergic Transmitters..86 Composition and Function of Blood..88 Iron Metabolism and Erythropoiesis..90 Flow Properties of Blood..92 Plasma. lon DistributionIX Table of Contents 1 Fundamentals and Cell Physiology 2 The Body: an Open System with an Internal Environment · · · 2 Control and Regulation · · · 4 The Cell · · · 8 Transport In, Through and Between Cells · · · 16 Passive Transport by Means of Diffusion · · · 20 Osmosis, Filtration and Convection · · · 24 Active Transport · · · 26 Cell Migration · · · 30 Electrical Membrane Potentials and Ion Channels · · · 32 Role of Ca2+ in Cell Regulation · · · 36 Energy Production and Metabolism · · · 38 2 Nerve and Muscle, Physical Work 42 Neuron Structure and Function · · · 42 Resting Membrane Potential · · · 44 Action Potential · · · 46 Propagation of Action Potentials in Nerve Fiber · · · 48 Artificial Stimulation of Nerve Cells · · · 50 Synaptic Transmission · · · 50 Motor End-plate · · · 56 Motility and Muscle Types · · · 58 Motor Unit of Skeletal Muscle · · · 58 Contractile Apparatus of Striated Muscle · · · 60 Contraction of Striated Muscle · · · 62 Mechanical Features of Skeletal Muscle · · · 66 Smooth Muscle · · · 70 Energy Supply for Muscle Contraction · · · 72 Physical Work · · · 74 Physical Fitness and Training · · · 76 3 Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) 78 Organization of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) · · · 78 Acetylcholines and Cholinergic Transmission · · · 82 Catecholamines, Adrenergic Transmission and Adrenoceptors · · · 84 Adrenal Medulla · · · 86 Non-cholinergic, Non-adrenergic Transmitters · · · 86 4 Blood 88 Composition and Function of Blood · · · 88 Iron Metabolism and Erythropoiesis · · · 90 Flow Properties of Blood · · · 92 Plasma, Ion Distribution · · · 92