2.Upstream processing of the distillates. a.Catalytic hydrocracking-produces small alkanes from large alkanes by adding hydrogen. H2,heat Si-Al catalyst b.Catalytic cracking-produces small alkenes and alkanes by cracking in the absence of hydrogen. heat Si-Al catalyst c.Catalytic Reforming-the alkanes and cycloalkanes are upgraded to higher octane number by conversion into aromatic compounds. H2 3H2 catalyst,heat catalyst,heat2. Upstream processing of the distillates. a. Catalytic hydrocracking – produces small alkanes from large alkanes by adding hydrogen. H2 , heat Si-Al catalyst b. Catalytic cracking – produces small alkenes and alkanes by cracking in the absence of hydrogen. heat Si-Al catalyst c. Catalytic Reforming – the alkanes and cycloalkanes are upgraded to higher octane number by conversion into aromatic compounds. -3H2 -H2 catalyst, heat catalyst, heat