Contents 3.0 BIOREACTORS FOR PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURES (by Shinsaku Takayama)....41 3. 1 Background of the Technique--Historical Overview...41 3.2 Media Formulations 3.3 General applications 3.4 Bioreactors-Hardware Configuration 3.5 Bioreactor Size 3.6 Culture Period 3.7 Aeration and Agitation 3.8 Microbial Contamination 3.9 Characteristics 3.10 Manipulation 3. 11 Scale-up Problems 3. 12 Bioprocess Measurement and Control References( Section 3) 2 Fermentation Design.... 67 Allan C Soderberg L 0 INTRODUCTION 2.0 FERMENTATION DEPARTMENT, EQUIPMENT AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS......68 2. 1 The Microbiological Laboratories... 68 2.2 Analytical Support Laboratories 2.3 Production: Raw Material Storage…… 71 2.4 Media Preparation or Batching Area 2. 5 The Seed Fermenter Layout 2. 6 The Main Fermenter Layout 234 2.7 Nutrient Feed Tanks 2. 8 Sterile Filters ……75 2.9 Air Compressors 2.10 Valves(To Maintain Sterility) 2.11 Pumps 78 2. 12 Cooling Equipment 2. 13 Environmental Control 3.0 GENERAL DESIGN DATA 4.0 CONTINUOUS STERILIZERS 4. 1 A Justification for Continuous Sterilization 4.2 Support Equipment for a sterilizer 4.3 The Sterilizing Section 89 4.4 The Cooling Section 5.0 FERMENTER COOLINGxiv Contents 3.0 BIOREACTORS FOR PLANT CELL TISSUE AND ORGAN CULTURES (by Shinsaku Takayama) ...... 3.1 Background of the Technique-Historical Overview ..... .4 1 3.2 Media Formulations ............................. 3.3 General Applications ........................... 3.4 Bioreactors-Hardware Configuration.. 3.5 Bioreactor Size ..................................... 3.6 Culture Period ...................................... 3.7 Aeration and Agitation ....................... 3.8 Microbial Contamination .................... 3.9 Characteristics ...................................................... 3.10 Manipulation ................................... 3.11 Scale-up Problems .. 3.12 Bioprocess Measure References (Section 3) ............................................... .................... 55 2 Fermentation Design ............................................. 67 Allan C. Soderberg 1 .O INTRODUCTION ..................................... 2.0 FERMENTATION DEPARTMENT, EQUI AND SPACE REQUIREMENTS ............... 2.1 The Microbiological 2.2 Analytical S 2.3 Production: 2.4 Media Preparation or Batchin 2.5 The Seed Fermenter Layout .. 2.7 Nutrient Feed Tanks ............. 2.8 Sterile Filters ........... 2.9 Air Compressors ................ 2.10 Valves (To Maintain Steril 2.11 Pumps 78 2.12 Cooling Equipment .......... 2.13 Environmental Control ................................... 2.6 The Main Fermenter Layout .... ................... 74 3 .O GENERAL DESIGN DATA .......... 4.0 CONTINUOUS STERILIZERS ................. 4.1 A Justification for Continuo 4.2 Support Equipment for a St 4.3 The Sterilizing Section ..................... 4.4 The Cooling Section ....................................... ......................... 79 5.0 FERMENTER COOLING