Excess burden and epidemiological costs o E Example:polio in the United States Epidemiological costs:there are zero polio cases in the US each year,so epidemiological costs are so Excess burden:each year,millions of infants in the US are vaccinated against polio,so excess burden is millions of dollars per year Even though polio has been eradicated in the US,it still imposes significant economic costs each year (the cost of making the vaccine and the time it takes public health workers to administer it) Bhattacharya,Hyde and Tu-HealthEconomicsBhattacharya, Hyde and Tu – Health Economics Excess burden and epidemiological costs  Example: polio in the United States  Epidemiological costs: there are zero polio cases in the US each year, so epidemiological costs are $0  Excess burden: each year, millions of infants in the US are vaccinated against polio, so excess burden is millions of dollars per year  Even though polio has been eradicated in the US, it still imposes significant economic costs each year (the cost of making the vaccine and the time it takes public health workers to administer it)