Uncertainty Let action At="leave for airport t minutes before flight" Will At get me there on time? Problems: ~partial observability(部分可观察性，e.g,road state,other drivers'plans,etc.) noisy sensors (e.g.,traffic reports) uncertainty in action outcomes(e.g.,flat tire,etc.) immense complexity of modeling and predicting traffic 4口◆4⊙t1三1=，￥9QC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Uncertainty Let action At = “leave for airport t minutes before flight” Will At get me there on time? Problems: ▶ partial observability（部分可观察性，e.g., road state, other drivers’ plans, etc.) ▶ noisy sensors (e.g., traffic reports) ▶ uncertainty in action outcomes (e.g., flat tire, etc.) ▶ immense complexity of modeling and predicting traffic