characteristics of the community Data on ranges and typical flowrate values are given in Table 3-1 for residential sources in the United States. Beginning in recent years, greater attention is now being given to water conservation and the installation of water-conserving devices and appliances. Reduced household water use changes not only the quantity of wastewater generated but also the characteristics of wastewater Tab 3-1 Typical wastewater flowrates from urban residential sources in the U.S. Household size, number of persons Flowrate.l/capit 25-385 288 194-335 Commercial Districts. Depending on the function and activity unit flowrates for commercial facilities can vary widely. Because of the wide variations that have been observed, every effort should be made to obtain records from actual or similar facilities. If no other records are available. estimates for selected commercial sources, based on function or persons served, may be made using the data presented in some deign manures. Sources( airport, apartment, automobile service station, bar/cocktail lounge, conference center,department store, hotel, laundry, motel, public lavatory, shopping center, theater), unit(passenger bedroom. vehicle serviced, emplovee, seat, guest). In the past, commercial wastewater flowrates were often based on existing or anticipated future development or comparative data. Flowrates were generally expressed in terms of quantity of flow per unit area i.e. m/ha.d .Typical unit- flowrate allowances fo commercial developments normally range from 7. 5 to 14 m/ha.d Institutional Facilities. Typical flowrates from some institutional facilities are shown in Table 3-2. Again, it is stressed that flowrates vary with the region, climate, and type of facility. The actual records of institutions are the best of flow data for design purposes Tab3-2 Typical wastewater flowrates from institutional sources in the U.S. Unit Flowrate, L/capitad Prisor 300-570 0-60 School( day, with cafeteria 40-80 School(boarding) 280-380 Recreational Facilities. Wastewater flowrates from seasonal variations. Typical data on wastewater flowrates from recreational facilities are presented Table 3-3 Tab 3-3 Typical wastewater flowrates from recreational facilities in the U.s Facility lowrate.L/capita.d apartment,resort Person vee llet o Person 95 With central toilet Person 130-190 Employee 38-57 Picnic club with flush toilet Ⅴsior 19-38 Customer Vacation home Person Strategies for Reducing Interior Water Use and Wastewater Flowrates Because of the importance of conserving both resources and energy, various means for reducing wastewater flowrates and pollutant loadings from domestic sources are available. The reduction of 3-23-2 characteristics of the community. Data on ranges and typical flowrate values are given in Table 3-1 for residential sources in the United States. Beginning in recent years, greater attention is now being given to water conservation and the installation of water-conserving devices and appliances. Reduced household water use changes not only the quantity of wastewater generated but also the characteristics of wastewater as well. Tab 3-1 Typical wastewater flowrates from urban residential sources in the U.S. Household size, number of persons Flowrate,L/capita.d Range Typical 1 285-490 365 2 225-385 288 3 194-335 250 4 155-268 200 5 150-260 193 6 147-253 189 7 140-244 182 8 135-233 174 Commercial Districts. Depending on the function and activity, unit flowrates for commercial facilities can vary widely. Because of the wide variations that have been observed, every effort should be made to obtain records from actual or similar facilities. If no other records are available, estimates for selected commercial sources, based on function or persons served, may be made using the data presented in some deign mannures. Sources( airport, apartment, automobile service station, bar/cocktail lounge, conference center, department store, hotel, laundry, motel, public lavatory, shopping center, theater), unit(passenger, bedroom, vehicle serviced, employee, seat, guest). In the past, commercial wastawater flowrates were often based on existing or anticipated future development or comparative data. Flowrates were generally expressed in terms of quantity of flow per unit area [i.e., m3 /ha·d ].Typical unit-flowrate allowances for commercial developments normally range from 7.5 to 14 m3 /ha·d . Institutional Facilities. Typical flowrates from some institutional facilities are shown in Table 3-2. Again, it is stressed that flowrates vary with the region, climate, and type of facility. The actual records of institutions are the best sources of flow data for design purposes. Tab 3-2 Typical wastewater flowrates from institutional sources in the U.S. Source Unit Flowrate,L/capita.d Range Typical Assembly hall Guest 11-19 15 Hospital Bed 660-1500 1000 Prison Inmate Employee 300-570 20-60 450 40 School (day, with cafeteria only) Student 40-80 60 School (boarding) Student 280-380 320 Recreational Facilities. Wastewater flowrates from many recreational facilities are highly subject to seasonal variations. Typical data on wastewater flowrates from recreational facilities are presented in Table 3-3. Tab 3-3 Typical wastewater flowrates from recreational facilities in the U.S. Facility Unit Flowrate,L/capita.d Range Typical Apartment, resort Person 190-260 230 Cafeteria Customer Employee 8-15 30-45 10 40 Camp With toilet only Person 55-110 95 With central toilet And bath facility Person 130-190 170 Day Person 55-76 60 Country club Member present Employee 75-150 38-57 100 50 Picnic club with flush toilet Visitor 19-38 19 Swimming pool Customer Employee 19-45 30-45 40 40 Vacation home Person 90-230 190 Visitor center Visitor 10-19 15 Strategies for Reducing Interior Water Use and Wastewater Flowrates Because of the importance of conserving both resources and energy, various means for reducing wastewater flowrates and pollutant loadings from domestic sources are available. The reduction of