Contents VII Reflection Absorption 75 5.2.3 Attenuated Total Reflection(ATR)75 5.2.4 Reflection at Thin Films 77 5.2.5 Diffuse Reflection 78 Spectroscopy with Polarized Light 81 5.3.2 Circular Dichroism(CD)82 Photoacoustic measu Microscopic Measurements 84 5.5.1 Infrared Microscopes85 onfocal Microscopes 85 5.5.3 Near-field Microscopes 6 Applications 89 Mid-Infrared(MIR)Spectroscopy 89 6.1.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement 89 6.1.1.1 Gases90 6.1.1.2 Solutions and Neat Liquids 91 6.1.1.3 Pellets and mulls 92 6.1.1.4 Neat Solid Samples 94 6.1. 1.5 Reflection-Absorption Sampling Technique 94 6.1.1.6 Sampling with the ATR Technique 95 6.1. 1.7 Thin Samples 96 6.1. 1.8 Diffuse Reflection Sampling Technique 97 6.1.1.9 Sampling by Photoacoustic Detection 97 6.1.1.10 Microsampling 98 6.1.2 Structural Analysis 98 6.1.2.1 The Region from 4000 to 1400 cm-1 102 6.1.2.2 The Region 1400-900 cm 102 6.1.2.3 The Region from 900 to 400 cm-102 6.1.3 Special Applications 103 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 104 6.2.2 Applications of NIR Spectroscopy 110 o5 6.2.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement Raman Spectroscopy 112 6.3.1 Sample Preparation and Measurements 112 6.3.1.1 Sample Illumination and Light Collection 113 6.3.1.2 Polarization measurements 118 6.3.1.3 Enhanced Raman Scattering 119 6.3.2 Special Applications 120 UV/VIS Spectroscopy 125 6.4.1 Sample Preparation 125 Structural Analysis 129 6.4.3 Special Applications 132 cence Spectroscopy 1355.2.2 Reflection Absorption 75 5.2.3 Attenuated Total Reflection (ATR) 75 5.2.4 Reflection at Thin Films 77 5.2.5 Diffuse Reflection 78 5.3 Spectroscopy with Polarized Light 81 5.3.1 Optical Rotatory Dispersion 81 5.3.2 Circular Dichroism (CD) 82 5.4 Photoacoustic Measurements 83 5.5 Microscopic Measurements 84 5.5.1 Infrared Microscopes 85 5.5.2 Confocal Microscopes 85 5.5.3 Near-field Microscopes 86 6 Applications 89 6.1 Mid-Infrared (MIR) Spectroscopy 89 6.1.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement 89 6.1.1.1 Gases 90 6.1.1.2 Solutions and Neat Liquids 91 6.1.1.3 Pellets and Mulls 92 6.1.1.4 Neat Solid Samples 94 6.1.1.5 Reflection
Absorption Sampling Technique 94 6.1.1.6 Sampling with the ATR Technique 95 6.1.1.7 Thin Samples 96 6.1.1.8 Diffuse Reflection Sampling Technique 97 6.1.1.9 Sampling by Photoacoustic Detection 97 6.1.1.10 Microsampling 98 6.1.2 Structural Analysis 98 6.1.2.1 The Region from 4000 to 1400 cm
1 102 6.1.2.2 The Region 1400
900 cm
1 102 6.1.2.3 The Region from 900 to 400 cm
1 102 6.1.3 Special Applications 103 6.2 Near-Infrared Spectroscopy 104 6.2.1 Sample Preparation and Measurement 105 6.2.2 Applications of NIR Spectroscopy 110 6.3 Raman Spectroscopy 112 6.3.1 Sample Preparation and Measurements 112 6.3.1.1 Sample Illumination and Light Collection 113 6.3.1.2 Polarization Measurements 118 6.3.1.3 Enhanced Raman Scattering 119 6.3.2 Special Applications 120 6.4 UV/VIS Spectroscopy 125 6.4.1 Sample Preparation 125 6.4.2 Structural Analysis 129 6.4.3 Special Applications 132 6.5 Fluorescence Spectroscopy 135 Contents VII