=输尿管镜：对于输尿管近端结石行S治疗时患者取仰卧位还是俯卧位与碎石机的类型及 参数有关。 *用数字(1,2,3,4)表示治疗方案选择的顺序。如果两种治疗方案具有相同疗效则被标 记相同的数字。首选者标记为1。 *包括口服溶石药和局部灌注溶石。 参考文献 1.PESCHEL R,JANETSCHEK G.BARTSCH G.Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi:a prospective randomized study[J Urol 1999,162(6):1909-1912 2.AKHTAR S.ATHER MH.Appropriate cutoff for treatment of distal ureteral stones by single session in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy[J].Urology,2005,66(6):1165-1168 3.PEARLE MS,NADLER R BERCOWSKYE,et al Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calcul Urol 2001,1664):1255-1260 4.CHOI W,POULSEN J,MUIR G.A 10-year experience of managing ureteric calculi:changing trends towards endourological intervention-is there a role for open surgery?]BJU Int 2002,897):792,author reply792 5.CARINI M,SELLI C,FIORELLI C.Elective treatment of ureteral stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy[]Eur Urol,1987.13(5):-2 6.SEITZC.FAJKOVIC H WALDERT M.et al Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones:Does the presence and degree of hydronephrosis affect success?[0.Eur Urol,,2006,492)378-383 7.HARADA M.INABA Y.OKAMOTO M.Treatment of ureteral stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy:with ureteral catheter or insitu?[JEndourol,99(1):9-11 8.USER HM,HUA V,BLUNT LW,et al.Performance and durability of leading flexible ureteroscopes[J].JEndourol,2004.18(8):735-738 9.VANLANGENDONCK R.LANDMAN J.Ureteral access strategies:pro-access sheath[J].Urol Clin NorthAm,.2004,31(1):71-8】 10.MOBLEY TB,MYERS DA,JENKINS JM,et al.Effects of stents on lithotripsy of ureteral ＝输尿管镜；对于输尿管近端结石行 SWL 治疗时患者取仰卧位还是俯卧位与碎石机的类型及 参数有关。 *用数字（1，2，3，4）表示治疗方案选择的顺序。如果两种治疗方案具有相同疗效则被标 记相同的数字。首选者标记为1。 **包括口服溶石药和局部灌注溶石。 参考文献 1. PESCHEL R, JANETSCHEK G, BARTSCH G. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy versus ureteroscopy for distal ureteral calculi: a prospective randomized study[J]. J Urol, 1999,162(6):1909-1912 2.AKHTAR S, ATHER MH. Appropriate cutoff for treatment of distal ureteral stones by single session in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy[J]. Urology, 2005,66(6):1165-1168 3. PEARLE MS, NADLER R, BERCOWSKY E, et al. Prospective randomized trial comparing shock wave lithotripsy and ureteroscopy for management of distal ureteral calculi[J]. J Urol, 2001,166(4):1255-1260 4. CHOI W, POULSEN J, MUIR G. A 10-year experience of managing ureteric calculi: changing trends towards endourological intervention--is there a role for open surgery? [J].BJU Int, 2002,89(7):792; author reply 792 5. CARINI M, SELLI C, FIORELLI C. Elective treatment of ureteral stones with extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy[J]. Eur Urol, 1987,13(5):289-292 6. SEITZ C, FAJKOVIC H, WALDERT M, et al. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in the treatment of proximal ureteral stones: Does the presence and degree of hydronephrosis affect success? [J]. Eur Urol, 2006,49(2):378－383 7. HARADA M, INABA Y, OKAMOTO M. Treatment of ureteral stones by extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy: with ureteral catheter or in situ? [J]. J Endourol, 1994,8(1):9-11 8. USER HM, HUA V, BLUNT LW, et al. Performance and durability of leading flexible ureteroscopes[J]. J Endourol, 2004,18(8):735-738 9. VANLANGENDONCK R, LANDMAN J. Ureteral access strategies: pro-access sheath[J]. Urol Clin North Am, 2004,31(1):71-81 10. MOBLEY TB, MYERS DA, JENKINS JM, et al. Effects of stents on lithotripsy of ureteral