WHY DO ETHNIC GROUPS REBEL? 93 State Polity Government Included Group 3 Included Group 1 Included Group 2 Excluded Excluded Group 1 Group 4 Excluded Group 3 Excluded Group 2 FIGURE 1 THE POLITY MODEL WITH INCLUDED AND EXCLUDED ETHNIC GROUPS such as group 4).37 Given the principle of ethnonational representa- tivity embodied by the modern nation-state,it can be expected that challengers seek to avoid the rule of ethnic others by gaining access to the polity or leaving it in favor of a new polity or an already exist- ing kin state.Power holders should want to maximize their share of state power-thus opening the possibility of infighting among power- sharing partners. Civil wars confront incumbent governments with political and mili- tary organizations that challenge the governments'claim to sovereign rule.This situation corresponds to standard definitions of civil war3s but excludes communal conflicts or pogroms in which the state plays less of an active role.In conflicts that are fought in the name of excluded groups,rebel movements are composed of mobilized and militarized Cederman and Girardin 2007 refer to"Ethnic Groups in Power"(EGIPs)and "Marginalized Ethnic Groups"(MEGs). Sambanis 2004;Kalyvas 2007.why do ethnic groups rebel? 93 such as group 4).37 Given the principle of ethnonational representa￾tivity embodied by the modern nation-state, it can be expected that challengers seek to avoid the rule of ethnic others by gaining access to the polity or leaving it in favor of a new polity or an already exist￾ing kin state. Power holders should want to maximize their share of state power—thus opening the possibility of infighting among power￾sharing partners. Civil wars confront incumbent governments with political and mili￾tary organizations that challenge the governments’ claim to sovereign rule. This situation corresponds to standard definitions of civil war38 but excludes communal conflicts or pogroms in which the state plays less of an active role. In conflicts that are fought in the name of excluded groups, rebel movements are composed of mobilized and militarized 37 Cederman and Girardin 2007 refer to “Ethnic Groups in Power” (egips) and “Marginalized Ethnic Groups” (megs). 38 Sambanis 2004; Kalyvas 2007. Figure 1 The Polity Model with Included and Excluded Ethnic Groups Excluded Group 1 Excluded Group 3 Excluded Group 2 Excluded Group 4 Included Group 2 Included Group 1 Included Group 3 Government Polity State