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D0I:10.13374/.issn1001-053x.2012.01.020 第34卷第1期 北京科技大学学报 Vol.34 No.1 2012年1月 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Jan.2012 基于改进差分进化算法的无人机在线低空突防航迹 规划 彭志红2) 孙琳12刃四陈杰12》 1)北京理工大学自动化学院,北京1000812)北京理工大学复杂系统智能控制与决策教有部重点实验室,北京100081 ☒通信作者,E-mail:s5sin@163.com 摘要为了解决无人机在部分未知敌对环境中的低空突防航迹规划问题,提出了一种改进的差分进化算法.该算法的进化 模型采用冯·诺伊曼拓扑结构,并对其进行拓展,使种群在进化初期保持多样性,避免进化早期陷入局部最优,而进化后期加 快收敛速度.该算法改进了差分进化算子中的变异操作,从而加快算法的收敛速度,快速找到多目标优化问题的最优解:同 时,采用将绝对笛卡儿坐标和相对极坐标相结合的编码方式以提高搜索效率.将该算法用于无人机在线航迹规划仿真实验, 并和未改进的算法结果作比较,验证了该算法的有效性. 关键词无人机:低空突防:差分进化算法:在线航迹规划 分类号TP391.9 Online path planning for UAV low-altitude penetration based on an improved differential evolution algorithm PENG Zhi--hong2,SUN Lin2☒,CHEN Jie,2 1)School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China 2)Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China Corresponding author,E-mail:ssslin@163.com ABSTRACT An improved differential evolution algorithm was proposed for solving the online path planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)low-altitude penetration in partially known hostile environments.The algorithm adopts von Neumann topology and improves its structure to maintain the diversity of the population,prevent the population from falling into local optima in the early evolu- tion and speed up the convergence rate in the later evolution as well.The mutation operator of differential evolution is improved to speed up the convergence rate of the algorithm,so that the optimal solution of the multi-objective optimization problem can be found quickly: the coding method combined the absolute Cartesian coordinates with the relative polar coordinates is used to improve the searching effi- ciency.The simulation experiment of online path planning for UAV low-altitude penetration shows that the proposed algorithm has a better performance than the unimproved differential evolution algorithm. KEY WORDS unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV);low altitude penetration:differential evolution algorithms;online path planning 无人机在现代战争中扮演着日益重要的角色. 满足无人机的物理约束.在实际作战环境中,往往 在军事攻击作战任务中,低空突防技术以实现地形 存在诸多不确定性因素,如地形预先未知和出现突 跟随、地形回避和威胁回避飞行为目的,其中航迹规 发威胁,此时需要无人机进行实时在线航迹规划,要 划是实现无人机低空突防的关键.低空突防航迹规 求其能够在短时间内快速准确地规划出满足各种约 划就是利用地形和敌情等信息,规划出飞行器生存 束条件并且航迹性能指标最优的航迹. 概率和航程综合指标最优的突防航迹口,同时还要 差分进化算法(differential evolution,DE)是一 收稿日期:201105-26 基金项目:省部级重点基金资助项目9140A17051010BQ0104):省部级一般基金资助项目(9140A06040510BQ0121)第 34 卷 第 1 期 2012 年 1 月 北京科技大学学报 Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing Vol. 34 No. 1 Jan. 2012 基于改进差分进化算法的无人机在线低空突防航迹 规划 彭志红1,2) 孙 琳1,2) 陈 杰1,2) 1) 北京理工大学自动化学院,北京 100081 2) 北京理工大学复杂系统智能控制与决策教育部重点实验室,北京 100081 通信作者,E-mail: ssslin@ 163. com 摘 要 为了解决无人机在部分未知敌对环境中的低空突防航迹规划问题,提出了一种改进的差分进化算法. 该算法的进化 模型采用冯·诺伊曼拓扑结构,并对其进行拓展,使种群在进化初期保持多样性,避免进化早期陷入局部最优,而进化后期加 快收敛速度. 该算法改进了差分进化算子中的变异操作,从而加快算法的收敛速度,快速找到多目标优化问题的最优解; 同 时,采用将绝对笛卡儿坐标和相对极坐标相结合的编码方式以提高搜索效率. 将该算法用于无人机在线航迹规划仿真实验, 并和未改进的算法结果作比较,验证了该算法的有效性. 关键词 无人机; 低空突防; 差分进化算法; 在线航迹规划 分类号 TP391. 9 Online path planning for UAV low-altitude penetration based on an improved differential evolution algorithm PENG Zhi-hong1,2) ,SUN Lin1,2) ,CHEN Jie 1,2) 1) School of Automation,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China 2) Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education of China for Complex System Intelligent Control and Decision,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China Corresponding author,E-mail: ssslin@ 163. com ABSTRACT An improved differential evolution algorithm was proposed for solving the online path planning problem of unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV) low-altitude penetration in partially known hostile environments. The algorithm adopts von Neumann topology and improves its structure to maintain the diversity of the population,prevent the population from falling into local optima in the early evolu￾tion and speed up the convergence rate in the later evolution as well. The mutation operator of differential evolution is improved to speed up the convergence rate of the algorithm,so that the optimal solution of the multi-objective optimization problem can be found quickly; the coding method combined the absolute Cartesian coordinates with the relative polar coordinates is used to improve the searching effi￾ciency. The simulation experiment of online path planning for UAV low-altitude penetration shows that the proposed algorithm has a better performance than the unimproved differential evolution algorithm. KEY WORDS unmanned aerial vehicles ( UAV) ; low altitude penetration; differential evolution algorithms; online path planning 收稿日期: 2011--05--26 基金项目: 省部级重点基金资助项目 9140A17051010BQ0104) ; 省部级一般基金资助项目( 9140A06040510BQ0121) 无人机在现代战争中扮演着日益重要的角色. 在军事攻击作战任务中,低空突防技术以实现地形 跟随、地形回避和威胁回避飞行为目的,其中航迹规 划是实现无人机低空突防的关键. 低空突防航迹规 划就是利用地形和敌情等信息,规划出飞行器生存 概率和航程综合指标最优的突防航迹[1],同时还要 满足无人机的物理约束. 在实际作战环境中,往往 存在诸多不确定性因素,如地形预先未知和出现突 发威胁,此时需要无人机进行实时在线航迹规划,要 求其能够在短时间内快速准确地规划出满足各种约 束条件并且航迹性能指标最优的航迹. 差分进化算法( differential evolution,DE) 是一 DOI:10.13374/j.issn1001-053x.2012.01.020
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