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叶文虎等:中国农村人口问题与中国可持续发展 ng.Huo Gong.Report of Chinese Faming-famer-countryside Problem: 中国发展,2001,(1):51-57.[Yen Wenhu,Wang Xinhai.Fee Problems,Actuality,Challeng and Countemeasures(M].Beijing:Chinese Combination of Three Elements and Farming-farmer-counryside Problem Development Press,2004.4-472.] in China[J.China Development,2001,(1):51-57.] [4]叶文虎,王鑫海.“三流转”制度与中国“三农”问题的解决[】. Rural Population Problem and Sustainable Development in China YE Wen-hu NING Miao (China Sustainable Development Research Center,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China) Abstract Population problem should be recognized as being in the primary place among the problems with which sustainable development in China is confronted.The principleal part of Chinese population is about 9 hundred million farmers,soessentially Chinese population problem lies in rural population.It is this paper's focus why population should beome problem in China.Through the analysis of the essence of population problem,this paper concludes that researches on population problem should be caried onwith a view to the relationship between human beings and nature and that among human beings.That is to say,settlement of Chinese population problem should begin with the change of human beings'survival style,which involves life style (consumption style),production style and organization style of the society.It can be seen from current survival styles of rural population in China that Chinese rural population problem is manifested as"famer problem,agricultural problem and countryside problem",and becomes prerequisite for the realization of sustainable development in China.With a view to Chinese sustainable development,this paper gives some suggestions abut the final way to solve rural population problem. Key words population problem;farming-famer-countryside problem;sustainable development in China;survival style;plan as a whole 我国发布了创建IS014000国家示范区条件 为积极推进S014000系列标准在我国的实施,促进S014000国家示范区创建工作深入开展,不断提高区城经济和环境协 调发展的水乎,凡符合本条件的可列入S014000国家示范区。 1各类开发区创建条件 示范区创建工作应与环保政策、环保制度实施相结合,要将有关管理职能融于环境管理体系之中。开发区应严格执行环 境影响评价、“三同时”、排污收费、总量控制、环境保护目标责任制等环保制度。积极推进清洁生产和循环经济的发展。 开发区应保持并不断改善区域环境质量,开发区区域水、气、声环境质量功能区达标。 开发区应具有污水收集和必要的处理系统等环保设备设施,环保设施运行率达10%,污水集中处理率大于70%,清洁能 源利用率大于50%;建立拉圾分类收集,处理处置系统,危险废物处理处置率达100%;已建成区绿化覆盖率大于35%。 开发区应鼓励区内企业实施S014000标准,从经济补贴、优惠政策、信息服务等方面建立引导、鼓励、奖励机制。 开发区内应有10%以上的企业建立环境管理体系(IS014001)。 开发区应促进开发区经济与环境协调发展,区内GDP年增长率高于国家和当地GDP增长率,环保投资指数大于1.5%。 开发区应提高区内公众的环境保护意识和素质,加强环境保护相关知识的宜传、教育和培训工作。 2风景名胜区创建条件 遵守国家对国家凤景名胜区管理和保护的有关法徐法规。遵守联合国教科文组织《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》的有 关规定。遵守本风景名胜区总体规划有关自然景观,人文景观、生物多样性保护以及相关的规定。 保持并健全自然生态系统。应进行生态环境影响评价,并严格执行环境影响评价报告书中的有关要求。区内建设项目必 须严格莲守环境影响评价和“三同时”制度。区内污染源的污水、废气必须达标排放,垃圾分类收集、妥善区内机动车(船)尾气 排放必须达标,鼓励使用清洁燃料。应使用高效、低毒的杀灭病虫害的药剂,并尽量采用综合防治技术。对相关方进行风景名 胜资源环境保护知识的宣传教有,共同保持名胜区的生态环境。对区内的潜在危害提出切实有效的预防措施。风景名胜区应 制订优惠政策,鼓励区内组织实施IS014001标准。对区内风景名胜资源与环境进行有效的监测和维护。 ·31· 万方数据叶文虎等:中国农村人口问题与中国可持续发展 隅Hno Gong.Report 0f Chinese Famfing-fM-cmmtryside Problem: Problems,Actuality,Challenge and Countermeasm'es[M].Beijillg:Chinese Development Press,2004.470~472.] [4]叶文虎,王鑫海.“三流转”制度与中国“三农”问题的解决[J]. 中国发展,2001,(1):51~57.[Yen Wenhu,Wang Xinhai.Free Combination of Three Elements and Fanning-farmer-counryside Problem in China[J].China Devdopment,2001,(1):51~57.] Rural Population Problem and Sustainable Development in China YE耽肛^“Ⅳ删GM/ao (China Sustainable Development Research Center,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China) Ahstract Population problem should be recognized as being in the primary place among the problems with which sustainable development in China is confronted.The principleal part of Chinese population is about 9 hundred million farmers,SO esse商aUy Chinese population problem lies in rural popolation.It is this paper’S focus why population should become a problem in China.Through the analysis of the essence of population pmHem,this paper concludes that researches on population problem should be carried Oil with a view to the relationship between hⅦ【mn beings and nature and that among hum.an beings.1hat is to say,settlement of Chinese population pmHem should be{咖with the ch且nge of human beings’survival style,which involves life style(consumption style),production style and organization style of the society.It can be seen from current survival styles of rural population in China that Chinese rural population problem is manifested as“farmer problem,agricultural problem and countryside problem”,and becomes prerequisite for the i∞lization of sustainable development in China.With a view to Chinese sustainable development,this paper gives SOl/le suggestions about the fmal way to solve rural population pmblem. Key words popolation problem;fanning-fainter-countryside problem;sustainable development in China;survival style;plan as awhole 我国发布了创建IS014000国家示范区条件 为积极推进IS014000系列标准在我国的实施,促进IS014000国家示范区创建工作深入开展,不断提高区域经济和环境协 调发展的水平,凡符合本条件的可列入IS014000国家示范区。 1各类开发区创建条件 示范区创建工作应与环保政策、环保制度实施相结合,要将有关管理职能融于环境管理体系之中。开发区应严格执行环 境影响评价、“三同时”、排污收费、总量控制、环境保护目标责任制等环保制度。积极推进清洁生产和循环经济的发展。 开发区应保持并不断改善区域环境质量,开发区区域水、气、声环境质量功能区达标。 开发区应具有污水收集和必要的处理系统等环保设备设施,环保设施运行率达100%,污水集中处理率大于70%,清洁能 源利用率大于50%;建立垃圾分类收集、处理处置系统,危险废物处理处置率达100%;已建成区绿化覆盖率大于35%。 开发区应鼓励区内企业实施IS014000标准,从经济补贴、优惠政策、信息服务等方面建立引导、鼓励、奖励机制。 开发区内应有10%以上的企业建立环境管理体系(IS014001)。 开发区应促进开发区经济与环境协调发展,区内GDP年增长率高于国家和当地GDP增长率,环保投资指数大于1.5%。 开发区应提高区内公众的环境保护意识和素质,加强环境保护相关知识的宣传、教育和培训工作。 2风景名胜区创建条件 遵守国家对国家风景名胜区管理和保护的有关法律法规。遵守联合国教科文组织《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》的有 关规定。遵守本风景名胜区总体规划有关自然景观、人文景观、生物多样性保护以及相关的规定。 保持并健全自然生态系统。应进行生态环境影响评价,并严格执行环境影响评价报告书中的有关要求。区内建设项目必 须严格遵守环境影响评价和“三同时”制度。区内污染源的污水、废气必须达标排放,垃圾分类收集、妥善区内机动车(船)尾气 排放必须达标,鼓励使用清洁燃料。应使用高效、低毒的杀灭病虫害的药剂,并尽量采用综合防治技术。对相关方进行风景名 胜资源环境保护知识的宣传教育,共同保持名胜区的生态环境。对区内的潜在危害提出切实有效的预防措施。风景名胜区应 制订优惠政策,鼓励区内组织实施IS014001标准。对区内风景名胜资源与环境进行有效的监测和维护。 · 3】 · 万方数据
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