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工程科学学报,第37卷,第3期:378-384,2015年3月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol.37,No.3:378-384,March 2015 DOI:10.13374/j.issn2095-9389.2015.03.018:http://journals.ustb.edu.cn 分数阶对称平移不变过完备小波的构造及其在轴承 故障诊断中的应用 沈政伟区,史天,申亚男 北京科技大学数理学院,北京100083 ☒通信作者,E-mail:szw2628@sina.com 摘要提出了一种分数阶的对称性近似平移不变过完备小波的构造方法.首先,给出一种构造具有对称性且具有最小长 度的低通滤波器方法.其次,通过拓普利兹矩阵分解法求出对应的具有近似平移不变性的高通滤波器,此方法比其他分解方 法具有更低的计算复杂度.此外,利用此构造方法,也得到具有更高阶消失矩的分数阶过完备小波变换.最后,将构造出的分 数阶对称平移不变过完备小波应用到轴承故障诊断中.实验结果表明,提出的小波变换能有效地提取出轴承的故障特征. 关键词小波变换:对称滤波器;轴承:故障诊断 分类号TP391.4 Construction of a symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet and its application in bearing fault diagnosis SHEN Zheng-wei,SHI Tian,SHEN Ya-nan School of Mathematics,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China Corresponding author,E-mail:szw2628@sina.com ABSTRACT This article introduces the design of symmetrical approximately shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet trans- forms.First,a design scheme for the symmetrical low-pass filter with minimum-ength was proposed,and then the corresponding high- pass filters with approximately shift-invariant properties were constructed via Toeplitz matrix factorization,which has a lower computa- tional complexity than other methods.In addition,fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms could be designed with higher vanishing moments through the method proposed.Subsequently,a bearing fault diagnosis scheme was proposed using the symmetrical shift- invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms.Experimental results show that the bearing faults can be detected effectively using the symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms. KEY WORDS wavelet transforms:symmetrical filters:bearings:fault diagnosis 分数阶过完备小波仅在低通通道对信号进行下采 仍然能够准确地监测到信号中的奇异点,因此方便机 样,因此会产生数据冗余,这种适当的冗余为信号的处 械故障检测中对高频故障信号的准确定位 理,特别是为信号去噪提供了更多的自由度.同时,它 目前,分数阶过完备小波的构造方法还有待改进, 可以对待处理信号从时域和频域同时提高采样率,从 计算效率还可以进一步提高,而且线性相位特性在已 而能更有效地对信号进行时频分析”.此外,分数阶 有的滤波器设计中网并未考虑.小波滤波器具有线性 过完备小波还具有近似平移不变性,因此可以增强信 相位特性指的是滤波器应该具有对称性,这种性质对 号分析的准确性.尤其在信号发生平移的情况下,它 于由于信号自身产生的延迟或者平移具有很强的鲁棒 收稿日期:201401-10 基金项目:教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目(NCET-110574)工程科学学报,第 37 卷,第 3 期: 378--384,2015 年 3 月 Chinese Journal of Engineering,Vol. 37,No. 3: 378--384,March 2015 DOI: 10. 13374 /j. issn2095--9389. 2015. 03. 018; http: / /journals. ustb. edu. cn 分数阶对称平移不变过完备小波的构造及其在轴承 故障诊断中的应用 沈政伟,史 天,申亚男 北京科技大学数理学院,北京 100083  通信作者,E-mail: szw2628@ sina. com 摘 要 提出了一种分数阶的对称性近似平移不变过完备小波的构造方法. 首先,给出一种构造具有对称性且具有最小长 度的低通滤波器方法. 其次,通过拓普利兹矩阵分解法求出对应的具有近似平移不变性的高通滤波器,此方法比其他分解方 法具有更低的计算复杂度. 此外,利用此构造方法,也得到具有更高阶消失矩的分数阶过完备小波变换. 最后,将构造出的分 数阶对称平移不变过完备小波应用到轴承故障诊断中. 实验结果表明,提出的小波变换能有效地提取出轴承的故障特征. 关键词 小波变换; 对称滤波器; 轴承; 故障诊断 分类号 TP391. 4 Construction of a symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet and its application in bearing fault diagnosis SHEN Zheng-wei ,SHI Tian,SHEN Ya-nan School of Mathematics,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China  Corresponding author,E-mail: szw2628@ sina. com ABSTRACT This article introduces the design of symmetrical approximately shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet trans￾forms. First,a design scheme for the symmetrical low-pass filter with minimum-length was proposed,and then the corresponding high￾pass filters with approximately shift-invariant properties were constructed via Toeplitz matrix factorization,which has a lower computa￾tional complexity than other methods. In addition,fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms could be designed with higher vanishing moments through the method proposed. Subsequently,a bearing fault diagnosis scheme was proposed using the symmetrical shift￾invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms. Experimental results show that the bearing faults can be detected effectively using the symmetrical shift-invariant fractional overcomplete wavelet transforms. KEY WORDS wavelet transforms; symmetrical filters; bearings; fault diagnosis 收稿日期: 2014--01--10 基金项目: 教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划资助项目( NCET--11--0574) 分数阶过完备小波仅在低通通道对信号进行下采 样,因此会产生数据冗余,这种适当的冗余为信号的处 理,特别是为信号去噪提供了更多的自由度. 同时,它 可以对待处理信号从时域和频域同时提高采样率,从 而能更有效地对信号进行时频分析[1]. 此外,分数阶 过完备小波还具有近似平移不变性,因此可以增强信 号分析的准确性. 尤其在信号发生平移的情况下,它 仍然能够准确地监测到信号中的奇异点,因此方便机 械故障检测中对高频故障信号的准确定位. 目前,分数阶过完备小波的构造方法还有待改进, 计算效率还可以进一步提高,而且线性相位特性在已 有的滤波器设计中[2]并未考虑. 小波滤波器具有线性 相位特性指的是滤波器应该具有对称性,这种性质对 于由于信号自身产生的延迟或者平移具有很强的鲁棒
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