Nw.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/ xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/ bioinplant.htm《生物信息学札记》樊龙江 distribution based on an observed distribution. See also Bayes rule Biochips(生物芯片 Miniaturized arrays of large numbers of molecular substrates, often oligonucleotides, in a defined pattern. They are also called DNA microarrays and microchips Bioinformatics(生物信息学) The merger of biotechnology and information technology with the goal of revealing new insights and principles in biology. /The discipline of obtaining information about genomic or protein sequence data. This may involve similarity searches of databases, comparing your unidentified sequence to the sequences in a database, or making predictions about the sequence based or current knowledge of similar sequences. Databases are frequently made publically available through the Internet, or locally at your institution Bit score(二进制值/Bt值 The value s is derived from the raw alignment score s in which the statistical properties of the scoring system used have been taken into account. Because bit scores have been normalized with respect to the scoring system, they car be used to compare alignment scores from different searches Bit units From information theory, a bit denotes the amount of information required to distinguish between two equally likely possibilities. The number of bits of information, AJ, required to convey a message that has a4 possibilities is log2 M=bits BLAST(基本局部联配搜索工具,一种主要数据库搜索程序 Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. A set of programs, used to perform fast similarity searches. Nucleotide sequences can be compared with nucleotide sequences in a database using BLASTN, for example. Complex statistics are applied to judge the significance of each match. Reported sequences may be homologous to, or related to the query sequence. The BLaSTP program is used to search a protein database for a match against a query protein sequence. There are several other flavours of BLasT. BLaST2 is a newer release of BLAST. Allows for insertions or deletions in the sequences being aligned. Gapped alignments may be more biologically significant Bock(蛋白质家族中保守区域的组块) Conserved ungapped patterns approximately 3-60 amino acids in length in a set of related proteins BLOSUM matrices(模块替换矩阵,一种主要替换矩阵 An alternative to PAM tables, BLOSUM tables were derived using local multiple alignments of more distantly related sequences than were used for the PAM matrix. These are used to assess the similarity of sequences when performing alignments Boltzmann distribution( Boltzmann分布) Describes the number of molecules that have energies above a certain level based on the boltzmann gas constant and the absolute temperature 127www.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/bioinplant.htm 《生物信息学札记》 樊龙江 distribution based on an observed distribution. See also Baye’s rule. Biochips（生物芯片） Miniaturized arrays of large numbers of molecular substrates, often oligonucleotides, in a defined pattern. They are also called DNA microarrays and microchips. Bioinformatics （生物信息学） The merger of biotechnology and information technology with the goal of revealing new insights and principles in biology. /The discipline of obtaining information about genomic or protein sequence data. This may involve similarity searches of databases, comparing your unidentified sequence to the sequences in a database, or making predictions about the sequence based on current knowledge of similar sequences. Databases are frequently made publically available through the Internet, or locally at your institution. Bit score （二进制值/ Bit 值） The value S' is derived from the raw alignment score S in which the statistical properties of the scoring system used have been taken into account. Because bit scores have been normalized with respect to the scoring system, they can be used to compare alignment scores from different searches. Bit units From information theory, a bit denotes the amount of information required to distinguish between two equally likely possibilities. The number of bits of information, AJ, required to convey a message that has A4 possibilities is log2 M = N bits. BLAST （基本局部联配搜索工具，一种主要数据库搜索程序） Basic Local Alignment Search Tool. A set of programs, used to perform fast similarity searches. Nucleotide sequences can be compared with nucleotide sequences in a database using BLASTN, for example. Complex statistics are applied to judge the significance of each match. Reported sequences may be homologous to, or related to the query sequence. The BLASTP program is used to search a protein database for a match against a query protein sequence. There are several other flavours of BLAST. BLAST2 is a newer release of BLAST. Allows for insertions or deletions in the sequences being aligned. Gapped alignments may be more biologically significant. Block（蛋白质家族中保守区域的组块） Conserved ungapped patterns approximately 3-60 amino acids in length in a set of related proteins. BLOSUM matrices（模块替换矩阵，一种主要替换矩阵） An alternative to PAM tables, BLOSUM tables were derived using local multiple alignments of more distantly related sequences than were used for the PAM matrix. These are used to assess the similarity of sequences when performing alignments. Boltzmann distribution（Boltzmann 分布） Describes the number of molecules that have energies above a certain level, based on the Boltzmann gas constant and the absolute temperature. 127