Nw.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/ xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/ bioinplant.htm《生物信息学札记》樊龙江 matches to other proteins of known function and the location of RNA-encoding genes. Predictions are based on gene models; e.g., hidden Markov models of introns and exons in proteins encoding genes, and models of secondary structure in rna Anonymous FTP(匿名FTP) When a FtP service allows anyone to log in, it is said to provide anonymous FTP ser-vice. A user can log in to an anonymous FTP server by typing anonymous as the user name and his E-mail address as a password. most Web browsers now negotiate anonymous FTP logon without asking the user for a user name and password. See also FTP ASC The American Standard Code for Information Interchange(AScII)encodes unaccented letters a-Z, A-Z, the numbers o-9, most punctuation marks, space and a set of control characters such as carriage return and tab. ASCll specifies 128 characters that are mapped to the values o-127. AScll tiles are commonly called plain text, meaning that they only encode text without extra markup BAC clone(细菌人工染色体克隆) Bacterial artificial chromosome vector carrying a genomic DNA insert, typically 100-200 kb. Most of the large- insert clones sequenced in the project were BAC clones Back- propagation(反向传输) When training feed-forward neural networks, a back-propagation algorithm can be used to modify the network weights. After each training input pattern is fed through the network, the network's output is compared with the desired output and the amount of error is calculated. This error is back-propagated through the network by using an error function to correct the network weights See also feed-forward neural network Baum-Welch algorithm( Baum-Welch算法) An expectation maximization algorithm that is used to train hidden Markov models Baye'srue(贝叶斯法则) Forms the basis of conditional probability by calculating the likelihood of an event occurring based on the history of the event and relevant background information In terms of two parameters a and b, the theorem is stated in an equation The condition-al probability of A, given B, P(AlB), is equal to the probability of A, P(A), times the conditional probability of B, given A, P(BIA) divided by the probability of B, P(B). P(A is the historical or prior distribution value of A, P(BlA)is a new prediction for b for a particular value of A, and P(B is the sum of the newly predicted values for B P(A/B)is a posterior probability representing a new prediction for a given the prior knowledge of A and the newly discovered relationships between A and B Bayesian analysis(贝叶斯分析 A statistical procedure used to estimate parameters of an underlying 126www.cab.zju.edu.cn/cab/xueyuanxiashubumen/nx/bioinplant.htm 《生物信息学札记》 樊龙江 matches to other Proteins of known function, and the location of RNA-encoding genes. Predictions are based on gene models; e.g., hidden Markov models of introns and exons in proteins encoding genes, and models of secondary structure in RNA. Anonymous FTP（匿名FTP） When a FTP service allows anyone to log in, it is said to provide anonymous FTP ser-vice. A user can log in to an anonymous FTP server by typing anonymous as the user name and his E-mail address as a password. Most Web browsers now negotiate anonymous FTP logon without asking the user for a user name and password. See also FTP. ASCII The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) encodes unaccented letters a-z, A-Z, the numbers O-9, most punctuation marks, space, and a set of control characters such as carriage return and tab. ASCII specifies 128 characters that are mapped to the values O-127. ASCII tiles are commonly called plain text, meaning that they only encode text without extra markup. BAC clone（细菌人工染色体克隆） Bacterial artificial chromosome vector carrying a genomic DNA insert, typically 100–200 kb. Most of the large-insert clones sequenced in the project were BAC clones. Back-propagation（反向传输） When training feed-forward neural networks, a back-propagation algorithm can be used to modify the network weights. After each training input pattern is fed through the network, the network’s output is compared with the desired output and the amount of error is calculated. This error is back-propagated through the network by using an error function to correct the network weights. See also Feed-forward neural network. Baum-Welch algorithm（Baum-Welch算法） An expectation maximization algorithm that is used to train hidden Markov models. Baye’s rule（贝叶斯法则） Forms the basis of conditional probability by calculating the likelihood of an event occurring based on the history of the event and relevant background information. In terms of two parameters A and B, the theorem is stated in an equation: The condition-al probability of A, given B, P(AIB), is equal to the probability of A, P(A), times the conditional probability of B, given A, P(BIA), divided by the probability of B, P(B). P(A) is the historical or prior distribution value of A, P(BIA) is a new prediction for B for a particular value of A, and P(B) is the sum of the newly predicted values for B. P(AIB) is a posterior probability, representing a new prediction for A given the prior knowledge of A and the newly discovered relationships between A and B. Bayesian analysis（贝叶斯分析） A statistical procedure used to estimate parameters of an underlying 126