4.1湍流的基本特征4 1.肘均值与瞬时值 11 10 T 0 0.01 0.020.03 vat 儿↑图4-2湍流速度一时间曲线 T u dt =u+u, v=v+v, w=w+w, p=p+p4.1 湍流的基本特征 0 1 T u udt T =  1. 时均值与瞬时值 t T O u u u u  0 1 T v vdt T =  0 1 T p pdt T =  0 1 T w wdt T =  u u u v v v w w w p p p = + = + = + = +     , , , 图4-2 湍流速度—时间曲线