IPM In the late 1960's-early 1970's -entomologist started to emphasize I ntegrated Pest Management for insect pests -integrating cultural,biological,physical,mechanical,genetic and regulatory methods with pesticide options to manage insect pests below "economic injury levels". Concepts of "Economic Injury Level" and“Action Threshold'”developed ❚ In the late 1960’s -early 1970’s - entomologist started to emphasize I ntegrated Pest Management for insect pests - integrating cultural, biological, physical, mechanical, genetic and regulatory methods with pesticide options to manage insect pests below "economic injury levels". ❚ Concepts of “Economic I njury Level” and “Action Threshold” developed IPM