引言:为何交通量减少的想法变得越来越重要了? 2. The instruments and objectives of traffic reduction交通量减少的工 具和目标 21. Town center pedestrianization市中心的行人化 22. Residential- area traffic calming居住区域交通平静化 23 National parks and tourist attraction国家的公园和游客的吸引 24. Transport pricing: Parking, fuel taxes and user charges交通收 费:停车、燃料税、用户收费 25. Improvement in alternatives交通选择的改进 3. Overall assessment总体评价 Chapter4 Equity versus Efficiency in Transport Systems交通系统中 的公平与效率 1. Introduction引言 2. Efficiency versus equity- key concepts效率与公平—关键概念 3. Transport pricing-运输价格 4. Appraisal估价 5. Transport and social exclusion交通和社会的排斥 6. Conclusions结论 Chapter5 The Concept of Optimal Transport Systems最优交通系统 的概念引言：为何交通量减少的想法变得越来越重要了？ 2. The instruments and objectives of traffic reduction 交通量减少的工 具和目标 2.1. Town center pedestrianization 市中心的行人化 2.2. Residential-area traffic calming 居住区域交通平静化 2.3. National parks and tourist attraction 国家的公园和游客的吸引 2.4. Transport pricing: Parking, fuel taxes and user charges 交通收 费：停车、燃料税、用户收费 2.5. Improvement in alternatives 交通选择的改进 3. Overall assessment 总体评价 Chapter 4 Equity versus Efficiency in Transport Systems 交通系统中 的公平与效率 1. Introduction 引言 2. Efficiency versus equity - key concepts 效率与公平—关键概念 3. Transport pricing—运输价格 4. Appraisal 估价 5. Transport and social exclusion 交通和社会的排斥 6. Conclusions 结论 Chapter 5 The Concept of Optimal Transport Systems 最优交通系统 的概念