TRADITIONAL ASSESSMENT things as multipl tests are ways to iden tify students who have mastered particular facts and to determine which students may need additional instruction(Waugh&Gronlund,2012).Traditional tests tend to be used to measure ower-order learning,which is sometimes essential to ensuring students are meeting state and local learning standards. Teachers can design traditional tests using leaming objectives as their guide.Many instructional materials,such as textbook series,include tests as part of their teacher resource package.Teachers can use these types of tests as quick measures to determine which students need additional instruc- tional assistance or to check on student progress on a particular topic or skill.Traditional tests can serve as a way to identify where students are in their knowledge about a topic prior to designing instruction;thus,you will not repeat content that students have already mastered. In addition,each state is required to annually report the progress of students'learning. State-wide standardized tests,which are administered in a consistent manner and use the same scoring procedures,are a type of traditional assessment measure.In this instance,the tests are scheduled for a specific date across the state and the procedures are carefully orchestrated so that student learning is measured in the same way.Currently,state standardized tests are used to identify student learning that is meeting or exceeding state standards and to determine where there is a need for improvement. Summary In this chapter we discussed the major theories of learning and how teachers need to consider them when working with a variety of students.Teachers need to design instruction to meet the needs of 21st century learners.As a teacher,you will want to be prepared to engage your stu- dents with technology and media to motivate them and help them to gain the types of knowl- edge and skills they need to be successful leamners.In addition,we addressed several ways to assess student learning Professional Development DEMONSTRATING PROFESSIONAL KNOWLEDGE 1.Describe the similarities and differences in the leamning 4.Describe similarities and differences in the different theories discussed in this chapter. types of effective assessments presented in this 2.What are the eight principles of effective instruction chapter. for the 21st century learner? 3.Describe the similarities and differences in the principles of effective technology and media utilization. DEMONSTRATING PROFESSIONAL SKILLS 1.Prepare a 10-minute presentation on your reaction to spective on learning and the technology and media st in this oter (ISTE NETS-T 5.C). d (STE NETS-T5C 2.RRfy2eanineiucionalsuaion（ehe or hypothetica)and identify the psychologica Designingand Century Leaming 35 Designing and Assessing 21st Century Learning 35 Traditional Assessment There are times when, as a teacher, you need to verify that students have specific knowledge or skills. Often, more traditional measures are used to demonstrate levels of knowledge. Such things as ­multiple-choice, ­fill-in-the-blank, true/false, or ­short-answer tests are ways to iden￾tify students who have mastered particular facts and to determine which students may need additional instruction (Waugh & Gronlund, 2012). Traditional tests tend to be used to measure lower-order learning, which is sometimes essential to ensuring students are meeting state and local learning standards. Teachers can design traditional tests using learning objectives as their guide. Many instructional materials, such as textbook series, include tests as part of their teacher resource package. Teachers can use these types of tests as quick measures to determine which students need additional instruc￾tional assistance or to check on student progress on a particular topic or skill. Traditional tests can serve as a way to identify where students are in their knowledge about a topic prior to designing instruction; thus, you will not repeat content that students have already mastered. In addition, each state is required to annually report the progress of students’ learning. State-wide standardized tests, which are administered in a consistent manner and use the same scoring procedures, are a type of traditional assessment measure. In this instance, the tests are scheduled for a specific date across the state and the procedures are carefully orchestrated so that student learning is measured in the same way. Currently, state standardized tests are used to identify student learning that is meeting or exceeding state standards and to determine where there is a need for improvement. Summary In this chapter we discussed the major theories of learning and how teachers need to consider them when working with a variety of students. Teachers need to design instruction to meet the needs of 21st century learners. As a teacher, you will want to be prepared to engage your stu￾dents with technology and media to motivate them and help them to gain the types of knowl￾edge and skills they need to be successful learners. In addition, we addressed several ways to assess student learning. 1. Describe the similarities and differences in the learning theories discussed in this chapter. 2. What are the eight principles of effective instruction for the 21st century learner? 3. Describe the similarities and differences in the principles of effective technology and media utilization. 4. Describe similarities and differences in the different types of effective assessments presented in this chapter. Professional Development Demonstrating Professional Knowledge Demonstrating Professional Skills 1. Prepare a 10-minute presentation on your reaction to a topic of interest in this chapter (ISTE NETS-T 5.C). 2. Analyze an instructional situation (either real or hypothetical) and identify the psychological perspective on learning and the technology and media used (ISTE NETS-T 5.C). M02_SMAL4150_01_SE_C02.indd 35 2/7/14 8:38 AM