Lesson thirteen Shipyard, Organization, Layout The Shipyard The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth, around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped, and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull. a similar practice was followed with iron vessels and, later, with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships, as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber. The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area, rather than a ship construction site. In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds Greater ease of fabrication means that, despite the reduction in the number of berths, more ships can be built and construction costs lowered A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, and qualities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service, The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilders under- takings. The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there. The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen--steelworkers, welders, shipwrights, blacksmiths, joiners, plumbers, turners, engine fitters, electricians, riggers, and painters Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors, consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical, commercial, and secretarial departments, with one or more representing outside interests. The chief department are the design drawing estimating offices, planning and production control, the shipyard department-responsible construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department, which is responsible for all work on board after launching. Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilders responsibilities. As soon as a contract is placed, he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that Pyar o not ethe electric power plant, propulsion machinery, shafting and propellers, engine-room auxiliaries, deck machinery, anchors, cables, and furniture and furnishings. Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking, covering subcontracts, assembly, and installation, in which costs must be kept as low as possible L In the early 1970s, shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull. Building berths slope downward toward the waterway, to facilitate launching. Building basin, or dry docks, are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels, because it is convenient to lower ather than to lift, large assemblies, and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching. Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary. The main requirement is a site of considerable depth, rather than width, with a large area extending inland from the berths. Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths. There they are stored in a stockyard and removed, as needed for cleaning, straightening, shaping, and cutting. Separate streams of plates and rolled sectionsLesson Thirteen Shipyard, Organization, Layout The Shipyard The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth, around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped, and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull. A similar practice was followed with iron vessels and, later, with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships, as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber.¹The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area, rather than a ship construction site. In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds. Greater ease of fabrication means that, despite the reduction in the number of berths, more ships can be built and construction costs lowered. Organization A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, and qualities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service,²The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilder’s under- takings. The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there. The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen---steelworkers, welders, shipwrights, blacksmiths, joiners, plumbers, turners, engine fitters, electricians, riggers, and painters. Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors, consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical, commercial, and secretarial departments, with one or more representing outside interests. The chief department are the design ,drawing, and estimating offices, planning and production control, the shipyard department—responsible for construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department, which is responsible for all work on board after launching. Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance. The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilder’s responsibilities. As soon as a contract is placed, he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that shipyards do not produce—the electric power plant, propulsion machinery, shafting and propellers, engine-room auxiliaries, deck machinery, anchors, cables, and furniture and furnishings. Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking, covering subcontracts, assembly, and installation, in which costs must be kept as low as possible. Layout In the early 1970s, shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull. Building berths slope downward toward the waterway, to facilitate launching. Building basin, or dry docks, are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels, because it is convenient to lower, rather than to lift, large assemblies, and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching. Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary. The main requirement is a site of considerable depth, rather than width, with a large area extending inland from the berths. Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths. There they are stored in a stockyard and removed, as needed for cleaning, straightening, shaping, and cutting. Separate streams of plates and rolled sections