Lesson thirteen Shipyard, Organization, Layout The Shipyard The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth, around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped, and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull. a similar practice was followed with iron vessels and, later, with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships, as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber. The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area, rather than a ship construction site. In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds Greater ease of fabrication means that, despite the reduction in the number of berths, more ships can be built and construction costs lowered A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, and qualities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service, The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilders under- takings. The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there. The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen--steelworkers, welders, shipwrights, blacksmiths, joiners, plumbers, turners, engine fitters, electricians, riggers, and painters Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors, consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical, commercial, and secretarial departments, with one or more representing outside interests. The chief department are the design drawing estimating offices, planning and production control, the shipyard department-responsible construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department, which is responsible for all work on board after launching. Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilders responsibilities. As soon as a contract is placed, he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that Pyar o not ethe electric power plant, propulsion machinery, shafting and propellers, engine-room auxiliaries, deck machinery, anchors, cables, and furniture and furnishings. Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking, covering subcontracts, assembly, and installation, in which costs must be kept as low as possible L In the early 1970s, shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull. Building berths slope downward toward the waterway, to facilitate launching. Building basin, or dry docks, are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels, because it is convenient to lower ather than to lift, large assemblies, and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching. Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary. The main requirement is a site of considerable depth, rather than width, with a large area extending inland from the berths. Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths. There they are stored in a stockyard and removed, as needed for cleaning, straightening, shaping, and cutting. Separate streams of plates and rolled sections
Lesson Thirteen Shipyard, Organization, Layout The Shipyard The wooden ship was constructed on a building berth, around which timbers ad planking were cut and shaped, and then fitted together on the berth to form the hull. A similar practice was followed with iron vessels and, later, with the earlier was followed with the earlier steel ships, as these tended to be replicas of wooden hulls. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber.¹The berth or slipway from which the vessel is launched is an assembly area, rather than a ship construction site. In many shipyards the number of launching berths has been reduced to increase the ground area available for prefabrication sheds. Greater ease of fabrication means that, despite the reduction in the number of berths, more ships can be built and construction costs lowered. Organization A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, and qualities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service,²The function of a shipyard is the production of completed ships in accordance with the shipbuilder’s under- takings. The raw materials for construction and finished items to be installed on board are delivered there. The labour force in the yard Consists Of various workmen---steelworkers, welders, shipwrights, blacksmiths, joiners, plumbers, turners, engine fitters, electricians, riggers, and painters. Management is headed by a chairman and a board of directors, consisting usually of about 6 to 12 members from the technical, commercial, and secretarial departments, with one or more representing outside interests. The chief department are the design ,drawing, and estimating offices, planning and production control, the shipyard department—responsible for construction up to launching---and the outside finishing department, which is responsible for all work on board after launching. Other departments are responsible for buying and storekeeping and the yard maintenance. The construction of the hull is only one of a shipbuilder’s responsibilities. As soon as a contract is placed, he must be negotiate with subcontractors for the supply of items that shipyards do not produce—the electric power plant, propulsion machinery, shafting and propellers, engine-room auxiliaries, deck machinery, anchors, cables, and furniture and furnishings. Production planning and control is therefore a complex undertaking, covering subcontracts, assembly, and installation, in which costs must be kept as low as possible. Layout In the early 1970s, shipyard practice was to have few building berths and extensive areas around them for the construction of large components of the steel hull. Building berths slope downward toward the waterway, to facilitate launching. Building basin, or dry docks, are sometimes used for the construction of very large vessels, because it is convenient to lower, rather than to lift, large assemblies, and this method also eliminate problems associated with launching. Extensive water frontage for the building berths is unnecessary. The main requirement is a site of considerable depth, rather than width, with a large area extending inland from the berths. Steel plates and sections are delivered to the ship yard at the end of the area farthest from the berths. There they are stored in a stockyard and removed, as needed for cleaning, straightening, shaping, and cutting. Separate streams of plates and rolled sections
converge toward the prefabrication shop, where they are used to build structural components or subassemblies. The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths, where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units, which are then carried by cranes to the berth, to be welded into position on ship In practice there are many variations in this general procedure. At the Gotaverken Shipyard at Arendal, Norway, for example, partly fitted-out sections of the ship are fabricated in sheds and welded to sections already completed. As the vessel becomes built up with component sections, it is moved out of the covered area into a building dock and further sections are attached until the ship is complete. Water is then admitted to the dock and the ship is floated out for completion in the fitting-out basin. An example of an outstanding shipbuilding facility is the Harland and Wolff building dock in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed in 1970, then the largest of its kind in the world: 1, 825 feet(556 meters)long, 305 feet(93 meters)deep. It is large enough for the construction of a 1,000,000-ton deadweight tanker. The dock is panned by a traveling cranecapable of lifting prefabricated structures of 840 tons maximum weight From "Encyclopedia Britannica?, Vol. 16. 1980) Technical Terms 1. shipyard造船 25. commercial department经销部门 2. berth船台,泊(铺)位 26. secretarial department秘书部门 木材 hing下水,发射 4. planking木船壳体 28. storekeeping库存 5. replica复制品 29. responsibility责任 6. substitute代用品 30. contract合同 7. slip 船台,滑道 31. subcontract外协(子)合同 8. assembly装备,组合 32. auxiliary副机 9.site场所 33. deck machinery甲板机械 10. prefabrication shed预装配工棚 34. anchor锚 11. client买主,客户 12. shipbuilder造船工人,造船厂商 36. furniture家具 13. undertaking任务,承担 37. furnishings陈饰,装饰 14. steelworker钢材工 38 layout布置(局) 15. welder焊工 39. building basin造船坞 16. shipwright船体木工 40. dry dock干船坞 17. blacksmith锻工,铁工 41. large assembly大型分段 18. Joiner细木工 42. water frontage水域岸线 19. plumber管子工 20. turner车工 44. stockyard堆场 21. engine fitter轮机工 45. straightening校平(直 22. rigger索具工,舾装工 46. stream(生产)流水线 23. management管理部门 集中,汇总 24. a board of direction董事会 48. fitting out basin舾装码头
converge toward the prefabrication shop, where they are used to build structural components or subassemblies. The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths, where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units, which are then carried by cranes to the berth, to be welded into position on ship. In practice there are many variations in this general procedure. At the Gotaverken Shipyard at Arendal, Norway, for example, partly fitted-out sections of the ship are fabricated in sheds and welded to sections already completed. As the vessel becomes built up with component sections, it is moved out of the covered area into a building dock and further sections are attached until the ship is complete. Water is then admitted to the dock and the ship is floated out for completion in the fitting-out basin. An example of an outstanding shipbuilding facility is the Harland and Wolff building dock in Belfast, Northern Ireland, completed in 1970, then the largest of its kind in the world: 1,825 feet (556 meters) long,305 feet (93 meters) deep. It is large enough for the construction of a 1,000,000-ton deadweight tanker. The dock is spanned by a traveling cranecapable of lifting prefabricated structures of 840 tons maximum weight. (From “Encyclopedia Britannica” ,Vol. 16.1980) Technical Terms 1. shipyard 造船厂 2. berth 船台，泊（铺）位 3. timber 木材 4. planking 木船壳体 5. replica 复制品 6. substitute 代用品 7. slipway 船台，滑道 8. assembly 装备，组合 9. site 场所 10. prefabrication shed 预装配工棚 11. client 买主，客户 12. shipbuilder 造船工人，造船厂商 13. undertaking 任务，承担 14. steelworker 钢材工 15. welder 焊工 16. shipwright 船体木工 17. blacksmith 锻工，铁工 18. joiner 细木工 19. plumber 管子工 20. turner 车工 21. engine fitter 轮机工 22. rigger 索具工，舾装工 23. management 管理部门 24. a board of direction 董事会 25. commercial department 经销部门 26. secretarial department 秘书部门 27. launching 下水，发射 28. storekeeping 库存 29. responsibility 责任 30. contract 合同 31. subcontract 外协（子）合同 32. auxiliary 副机 33. deck machinery 甲板机械 34. anchor 锚 35. cable 锚链 36. furniture 家具 37. furnishings 陈饰，装饰 38. layout 布置（局） 39. building basin 造船坞 40. dry dock 干船坞 41. large assembly 大型分段 42. water frontage 水域岸线 43. sections 型材 44. stockyard 堆场 45. straightening 校平（直） 46. stream （生产）流水线 47. converge 集中，汇总 48. fitting out basin 舾装码头
Additional Terms and Expression 1. pretreatment预处理 13. buffer areas中间堆场 2. blast cleaning喷射清理 14. inclined building berth倾斜船台 3. shopprimer车间底漆 15. building dock造船坞 4. plate hall加工车间 16. caisson坞门 5. fabrication(钢材)加工 17. repairing dock修船坞 6. edge preparation边缘加工 18. canalled dock运河式船坞 7. forming, shaping成形加工 19. shipyard facilities船厂设备 8. panel line平面分段流水线 20. overhead traveling crane行车 9. assembling and welding hall装焊车间21. goliath crane巨型门吊 10. fabrication platform加工平台 22. shipyard operation船厂经营 1l. pipe shop管子车间 23. cash flow现金周转 12. outfitting shop舾装车间 Notes to the Text 1. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber n its own right凭它本身的质量 rather than作连词用,可译成“而不是”被连接的两部分应是同类型的词或成分 2. A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for to deliver作 undertake的宾语,而它本身又带有两个宾语:aves 和 vessel that 由于 to deliver的宾语成分较长,所以将其状语成分 to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum提前 3.— responsible for construction up to launching.-—为插入语,两个破折号有括号的作用 中间为解释说明部分 另外,破折号也常引出举例说明部分,如: Many such diagrams---ladder and other types--go toward making up the complete aggregate operation of building a ship(见第十四课) 4. as needed,为省略句,本身是状语从句,修饰句中第二个谓语动词 removed.亦见第九课 注3。 5. The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths, where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units, which are then carried by cranes to the berth, to be welded into position on the ship 这是一句复杂句 where they are welded..为非限制性定语从句,修饰主句中的 berth; which are the carried..也是非限制性定语从句,修饰 where从句中的 unites; to be welded..动词不定式(被动态)作定语用,也修饰 unites,而被 which从句隔 开
Additional Terms and Expression 1. pretreatment 预处理 2. blast cleaning 喷射清理 3. shopprimer 车间底漆 4. plate hall 加工车间 5. fabrication （钢材）加工 6. edge preparation 边缘加工 7. forming, shaping 成形加工 8. panel line 平面分段流水线 9. assembling and welding hall 装焊车间 10. fabrication platform 加工平台 11. pipe shop 管子车间 12. outfitting shop 舾装车间 13. buffer areas 中间堆场 14. inclined building berth 倾斜船台 15. building dock 造船坞 16. caisson 坞门 17. repairing dock 修船坞 18. canalled dock 运河式船坞 19. shipyard facilities 船厂设备 20. overhead traveling crane 行车 21. goliath crane 巨型门吊 22. shipyard operation 船厂经营 23. cash flow 现金周转 Notes to the Text 1. Gradually iron came to be used more effectively in its own right, rather than as a substitute for timber. in its own right 凭它本身的质量 rather than 作连词用，可译成“而不是”被连接的两部分应是同类型的词或成分。 2. A shipbuilder undertakes to deliver to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum a vessel with specific dimensions, capabilities, a vessel that has been tested on trial and is ready for service. to deliver 作 undertake 的宾语，而它本身又带有两个宾语；a vessel with …和 a vessel that…; 由于 to deliver 的宾语成分较长，所以将其状语成分 to the client by a certain date and for a stated sum 提前。 3. ——responsible for construction up to launching——为插入语，两个破折号有括号的作用， 中间为解释说明部分。 另外，破折号也常引出举例说明部分，如： Many such diagrams——ladder and other types——go toward making up the complete aggregate operation of building a ship.(见第十四课) 4. as needed, 为省略句， 本身是状语从句，修饰句中第二个谓语动词 removed.亦见第九课 注 3。 5. The subassemblies are transported to an area nearer the berths, where they are welded together to form large prefabricated units, which are then carried by cranes to the berth, to be welded into position on the ship. 这是一句复杂句。 where they are welded…为非限制性定语从句，修饰主句中的 berth; which are the carried… 也是非限制性定语从句，修饰 where 从句中的 unites; to be welded…动词不定式（被动态）作定语用，也修饰 unites,而被 which 从句隔 开
