《船舶与海洋工程英语》 Lesson Twenty-five Computer Development and the Naval Architect

Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind, not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided

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Lesson Twenty-five Computer development and the naval architect Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly behind, not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers. However, the advent of graphical input-output devices, for example, cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer. The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles)is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage. These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology, some of these now seen sensational, even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture. It is important, though, to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design. As an example, STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver)consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results. The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineers language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another. There are other examples(GMr DYANA, for dynamic systems, has achieved relatively wide usage)and it appears that the majority are not. That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain Another aspect of computer utilization, at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations. is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer, notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received, perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables. As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship, with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts The progress in graphical communication between man and machine, particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception, has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard. Production scheduling inventory control, and many of the other data processing applications of computers will, of course, also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations Finally, the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading, engine operation,navigation, and other considerations. This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out. The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity. The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged, but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineers capabilities are eyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity From "Principle of Naval Architecture.1967)

Lesson Twenty-five Computer Development and the Naval Architect Those who have attained some familiarity with computer operation and application have subsequently learned hat they must continually keep abreast of developments or rapidly fall behind, not only in regard to programming skills but most naval architects have properly decided that their interest is in using the computer and are willing to permit specialists to design the computers. However, the advent of graphical input-output devices, for example, cannot help but affect the manner in which naval architects relate to the computer. The concept of time sharing (multiple simultaneous use of the computer from remote consoles) is just achieving popularity and surely will result in wider computer usage. These brief remarks on the use of computers in naval architecture calculations, however, need not involve the tremendous advances in computer technology, some of these now seen sensational, even though many of these must in time change the practice of naval architecture. It is important, though, to mention here the more immediate progress in the development of problem-oriented language and optimization techniques for engineering design. As an example, STRESS (STR Uctural Engineering Systems Solver) consists of a language that describes the problems and a processor or computer program that accepts problem descriptions in this language and produces he requested results. The communication with the computer approximates as much as possible the engineer’s language and is in essentially the terms which one engineer would use in instructing another. There are other examples (GMR DYANA, for dynamic systems, has achieved relatively wide usage) and it appears that the majority are not. That they will become so seems certain and that similar special systems for use particularly by naval architects will be developed also seems equally certain. Another aspect of computer utilization, at present only indirectly related to naval-architecture calculations. is the increasing control of shipbuilding fabrication procedures by computer, notably the control of flame cutting burners after input data have been received, perhaps in polynomial from or as a detailed set of offset tables. As the actively in this area increases it is certain that there will evolve a much closer correlation between the format of what is considered a completely finished ship design and the material the shipyard actually needs to construct the ship, with resulting interaction between the designer and the shipbuilder to optimize their combined efforts. The progress in graphical communication between man and machine, particularly with respect to three-dimensional representation and perception, has recently been rapid and presumably will be significant in this regard. Production scheduling inventory control, and many of the other data processing applications of computers will, of course, also play an ever larger part in revolutionizing shipyard operations. Finally, the computer on board ships should in time affect design criteria and allow for safer and more economical operation through automatic decision making in regard to loading, engine operation, navigation, and other considerations. This too will in time affect the practice of naval architecture and may generate entirely new calculations for the naval architect to carry out. The development of computers will surely continue and they will play an ever-increasing role in almost all aspects of our activity. The principles of naval architecture may indeed remain unchanged, but their application must be profoundly affected by this vital tool as yet in its infancy. The full impact of the computer and its capacity for increasing the engineer’s capabilities are beyond our present ability architecture will be implemented with ever-increasing intensity. (From “Principle of Naval Architecture”. 1967)

Technical Terms 1. programming skill 程序设计技巧 2. terminology 术语 3. hardware 硬件 4. phenomenal 显著的 5. specialists 专家 6. advent 出现 7. graphical input-output device. 图像输入输出设备 8. time sharing 分时（系统） 9. multiple simultaneous use 多用途同时使用 10. remote consoles 远距离控制台 11. remark 说明，评论 12. problem-oriented language 面向问题的语言 13. optimization 优化 14. solver 解算器（机） 15. processor 信息处理机 16. instructing 指令，说明 17. flame cutting burner 火焰切割机 18. polynomial form 多项式形式 19. offset table 型值表 20. format 格式 21. graphical communication 图像联系（通信） 22. perception 感知 23. production scheduling 生产计划进展（表） 24. inventory control 库存量控制 25. data processing 数据处理 26. automatic decision making 自动决策 27. navigation 航行 28. infancy 初期，幼年时期 29. impact 影响，效果 30. intensity 强烈性 Additional Terms and Expressions 1. microcomputer 微型计算机 2. microprocessor 微处理机 3. software 软件 4. （magnetic） drum 磁鼓 5. disc (disk) 磁盘 6. terminal 终端 7. instructing 指令 8. data bank/base 数据库 9. teletypewriter 电传打字机 10. line printer 行式打印机 11. card reader 卡片输入机 12. card puncher 卡片穿孔机 13. input/output device 输入/输出设备 14. plotter 绘图仪 15. light-pen-graphic display 光笔图形显示器 16. optimized design of ship 船舶优化设计 17. computer aided design (CAD) 计算机辅助设计 18. Integrated Manufactured System (IMS) 综合生产系统 19. computer system evaluation 计算机过程控制 20. computer system evaluation 计算机系统评价 21. shipyard management system 船厂管理系统 22. N.C. flame cutting machine 数控切割机 23. N.C. pipe bender 数控弯管机 24. N.C. drafting machine 数控绘图机 25. N.C. template processing machine 数控样板机 26. man-machine system 人机系统 27. flow chart 程序框图 28. data processing system 数据处理系统

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