Chapter one Definitions and History of Information Science Chapter Study Tasks (1) n this chapter, you will be able to -Identify the different definitions ofinformation science Learn the history of information science -Get the general ideas of the texts and extensive readings -Complete all the practice required Unit1 a part 1 Notes to Text L Part4 Extensive Reading Part 2 Word Study Part5 Notes to Passage Part3 Practice on Text Part6 Practice on Passage 2021/2/20 P1
2021/2/20 P.1 Unit 1 Definitions and History of Information Science Chapter Study Tasks（1） In this chapter, you will be able to —Identify the different definitions of information science —Learn the history of information science —Get the general ideas of the texts and extensive readings —Complete all the practice required Chapter One @ Part 1 Notes to Text & Part4 Extensive Reading & Part 2 Word Study @ Part5 Notes to Passage @ Part3 Practice on Text @ Part6 Practice on Passage
a Part 1 Notes to Text Definitions of Information Science 1)Information science ( also information studies) is an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information信息科学(也称信息研究)是一门跨学科科学,主要是 研究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播。 注释:该句是个系表结构的简单句型。注意 primarily concerned with 是过去分词短语用作定语,修饰表语 an interdisciplinary science。 2)It is actually a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of com puter science, but also library science, cognitive, and social sciences.事实上信息科学的研究范围非常之广, 是一种跨学科领域。其中不但涉及了计算机科学的方方面面,而且还包 含了图书馆(管理)学、认知科学和社会科学。 注释:此句的结构与上句相同,也是简单句。不同的是:现在分词短语 incorporating not only…, but also…的语法功能则是伴随状语。 2021/2/20 P2
2021/2/20 P.2 @ Part 1 Notes to Text Definitions of Information Science 1) Information science (also information studies) is an interdisciplinary science primarily concerned with the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information.信息科学（也称信息研究）是一门跨学科科学，主要是 研究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播。 注释：该句是个系表结构的简单句型。注意primarily concerned with 是过去分词短语用作定语，修饰表语an interdisciplinary science。 2) It is actually a broad, interdisciplinary field, incorporating not only aspects of computer science, but also library science, cognitive, and social sciences. 事实上信息科学的研究范围非常之广， 是一种跨学科领域。其中不但涉及了计算机科学的方方面面，而且还包 含了图书馆(管理)学、认知科学和社会科学。 注释：此句的结构与上句相同，也是简单句。不同的是：现在分词短语 incorporating not only …, but also …的语法功能则是伴随状语
3)In this respect, information science can be seen as a response to technological determinism, the belief that technology"develops by its own laws, that it realizes its own potential, limited only by the material resources available, and must therefore be regarded as an autonomous system controlling and ultimately permeating all other subsystems of society.”在这方面,信息科学可以被视为是对技术缩命论的回应。 技术缩命论相信技术的“发展靠的是其自身的规律,技术可以实现 其自身的潜能,而唯一能制约这种潜能的则是可利用资源。因此必 须视之为独立系统,它控制着社会所有其它子系统,而且最终会渗 透其中 it realizes…则是同位语从句中的结果状语;过去分词短语 limited w 注释:名词性短语 the belief是 technological determinism的同位语 that technology.是同位语从句,说明bele的具体内容。从句tha only by…修饰 potential;此外 must therefore be regarded as.是 并列分句。 2021/2/20 P3
2021/2/20 P.3 3) In this respect, information science can be seen as a response to technological determinism, the belief that technology “develops by its own laws, that it realizes its own potential, limited only by the material resources available, and must therefore be regarded as an autonomous system controlling and ultimately permeating all other subsystems of society.” 在这方面，信息科学可以被视为是对技术缩命论的回应。 技术缩命论相信技术的“发展靠的是其自身的规律，技术可以实现 其自身的潜能，而唯一能制约这种潜能的则是可利用资源。因此必 须视之为独立系统，它控制着社会所有其它子系统，而且最终会渗 透其中。 注释：名词性短语the belief是technological determinism的同位语； that technology…是同位语从句，说明belief的具体内容。从句that it realizes…则是同位语从句中的结果状语；过去分词短语limited only by…修饰potential; 此外must therefore be regarded as…是 并列分句
4)Because of the rapidly evolving, interdisciplinary nature of informatics, a precise meaning of the term informatics is presently difficult to pin down.也正是由于信息科学具有发 展势头迅猛和跨学科这种特有的性质,所以“信息学”这一术语 到目前为止还很难给出一个精确的定义。 注释:注意介词短语 because of后面的宾语是 nature,其它都是 nature的定语;此句的主语是 meaning;不定式 to pin down是 状语修饰形容词 difficult,意思相当于 to fix or establish clearly(清楚地固定或建立)。 G20212120P4GG End 1
2021/2/20 P.4 4) Because of the rapidly evolving, interdisciplinary nature of informatics, a precise meaning of the term "informatics" is presently difficult to pin down.也正是由于信息科学具有发 展势头迅猛和跨学科这种特有的性质，所以“信息学”这一术语 到目前为止还很难给出一个精确的定义。 注释：注意介词短语because of后面的宾语是nature,其它都是 nature的定语；此句的主语是meaning；不定式to pin down是 状语修饰形容词difficult，意思相当于to fix or establish clearly ( 清楚地固定或建立 )。 End
L Part 2 Word Study 1 interdisciplinary adi跨学科的1. systemic adj系统的 2. manipulation n.操作;处理 12 determinism n.宿命论;决定论 3. retrieval n检索 13 autonomous adj.自治的;独立的 4. dissemination n.传播 14, permeate v.渗透,透过 5. interaction n.互相作用;互动15. groupware n.组件 6. incorporate v.合并;合成 16. emantic adi语义的 7. cognitive adj.认知的,认识的 17. iterative adi.反复的,重复的, 8 perspeetive n.观点,看法 18 synonym n.同义字 9. stakeholder n.股东 19 informatics n.信息学,情报学 10. tackle. v.处理,解决 20 emerge vi显现,浮现 2021/2/20 P.5 End
2021/2/20 P.5 1. interdisciplinary adj. 跨学科的 11.systemic adj. 系统的 2. manipulation n. 操作; 处理 12.determinism n. 宿命论；决定论 3. retrieval n. 检索 13.autonomous adj. 自治的；独立的 4. dissemination n. 传播 14.permeate v. 渗透, 透过 5. interaction n. 互相作用；互动 15.groupware n. 组件 6. incorporate v. 合并; 合成 16.semantic adj. 语义的 7. cognitive adj. 认知的, 认识的 17.iterative adj. 反复的,重复的, 8. perspective n. 观点, 看法 18.synonym n. 同义字 9. stakeholder n. 股东 19.informatics n. 信息学,情报学 10.tackle v. 处理, 解决 20.emerge vi. 显现, 浮现 & Part 2 Word Study End
Part3 Practice on Text Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. ( See you book p. 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words 1)interdisciplinary science4)technological determinism- 2)information systems 5)iterative.design processes 3)cognitive and social sciences 6)international terminology 2021/2/20 P.6
2021/2/20 P.6 Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. (See you book p. ) 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words. 1) interdisciplinary _____________ 2) _____________ systems 3) ___________ and social sciences 4) technological ________________ 5) ____________ design processes 6) international _______________ @ Part3 Practice on Text science information cognitive determinism iterative terminology
Task 2. Read. Write and Translate Read and Reply Directions: Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions a)What does information science study? The application and usage of knowledge in organizations, and the interaction between people, organizations and information systems b)What tackles systemic problems first rather than individual pieces of technology within that system? Information science c)Why is a precise meaning of the term "informatics presently difficult to pin down? Because of the rapidly evolving, interdisciplinarynature of informatics 2021/2/20 P7
2021/2/20 P.7 Read and Reply Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions: a) What does information science study? b) What tackles systemic problems first rather than individual pieces of technology within that system? c) Why is a precise meaning of the term "informatics" presently difficult to pin down? Task 2: Read, Write and Translate The application and usage of knowledge in organizations, and the interaction between people, organizations and information systems Information science Because of the rapidly evolving, interdisciplinary nature of informatics
Read and Judge Directions: Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true 1) or false (F) (T)1) Information science mainly involves in the collection, classification manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information (F)2)It is right to take information science as a branch of computer science (F)3) Information science focuses on understanding problems from the perspective of the government and customers involved (T)4)Nowadays, a number of Schools, and Colleges of Information are growing fast (T )5 Regional differences and international terminology may be the causes to make it difficult to define information science procisely G20212120P8G End 1
2021/2/20 P.8 Directions:Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true (T) or false (F). ( )1) Information science mainly involves in the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information. ( )2)It is right to take information science as a branch of computer science. ( )3) Information science focuses on understanding problems from the perspective of the government and customers involved. ( )4) Nowadays, a number of Schools and Colleges of Information are growing fast. ( )5) Regional differences and international terminology may be the causes to make it difficult to define information science procisely. Read and Judge T F F T T End
Read and Complete Directions: Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words A speaking B representation C as D. meanings E acquired F word G information H. closely related I society J. about Information as a concept bears a diversity of 1)D, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally 2)A, the concept of information is 3)i to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus pattern, perception, and 4).B Many people speak 5)d the Information Age 6)C the advent of the Knowledge Age or knowledge society, the information 7) I and information technologies, and even though informatics 8) science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the 9)F"information"is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has 10)E 2021/2/20 .9y End
2021/2/20 P.9 Directions:Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words. A. speaking B. representation C. as D. meanings E. acquired F. word G. information H. closely related I. society J. about Information as a concept bears a diversity of 1)_____, from everyday usage to technical settings. Generally 2)_____, the concept of information is 3)_____to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and 4)_____. Many people speak 5)_____the Information Age 6)_____the advent of the Knowledge Age or knowledge society, the information 7)_____, and information technologies, and even though informatics, 8)_____science and computer science are often in the spotlight, the 9)_____ "information" is often used without careful consideration of the various meanings it has 10)_____. Read and Complete D A H B J C I G F E End
Read and Translate Directions: Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given 1)请你尽快将所有的信息E给我们公司那些相关人员。( concerned) Please send all the information to those concerned in our company as soon as possible. 2)去年史密斯公司与别家合并了,这使他蒙受了巨大损失。 (incorporate with) Mr: Smith's firm incorporated with others last year, which makes him suffer a great loss 3)老师提的问题是那样难,以致于学生们不知道怎么解决。( tackle) The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it. 4)太阳从云层后面露出来。船也从雾里露了出来。( emerge) Finally, the sun emerged from behind the clouds, and the ship emerged from behind the fog 5)结果是,信息渗透到我们生活的各个区域。( permeate into) As a result, information will permeate into all areas of our life 202120P10 End
2021/2/20 P.10 1)请你尽快将所有的信息E给我们公司那些相关人员。（concerned） 2)去年史密斯公司与别家合并了,这使他蒙受了巨大损失。 （incorporate with） 3)老师提的问题是那样难，以致于学生们不知道怎么解决。(tackle) 4)太阳从云层后面露出来。船也从雾里露了出来。(emerge) 5)结果是，信息渗透到我们生活的各个区域。(permeate into) Read and Translate Directions:Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given. Please send all the information to those concerned in our company as soon as possible. Mr. Smith's firm incorporated with others last year, which makes him suffer a great loss. The question set by the teacher was so difficult that the pupils did not know how to tackle it. Finally, the sun emerged from behind the clouds，and the ship emerged from behind the fog. As a result, information will permeate into all areas of our life. End