Chapter Four Computer Software Woa器星x3 Unit 14 a part 1 Notes to Text L Part4 Extensive Reading Part 2 Word Study Part5 Notes to Passage Part3 Practice on Text Part6 Practice on Passage 2021/2/20 P1
2021/2/20 P.1 Unit 14 Computer Software Chapter Four @ Part 1 Notes to Text & Part4 Extensive Reading & Part 2 Word Study @ Part5 Notes to Passage @ Part3 Practice on Text @ Part6 Practice on Passage
a Part 1 Notes to text Computer Software 1)Computer software, consisting of programs, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as opposed to its physical components (hardware)which can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for计算机软件是由各种程序构成的。它可以使计算机执行各 种具体的任务,这与计算机的物理元件(硬件)相反。物理元件只能机 械地按照人们的设计来执行任务。 注释:此句是复合句。主语是 Computer software;谓语动词是 enables 不定式 to perform specific tasks是宾语补足语;分词短语as opposed to意思是“与相反”。 2)Computer software is so called in contrast to com puter hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute(or run) the software.人们称之为计 算机软件是为了与计算机硬件形成鲜明的对比。硬件包含了各种用来存 放或运行软件的物理连接设备与装置。 注释:不定式 to computer hardware用作目的状语; which引导的非限制 定语从句中的过去分词短语 required to store and execute( or run) the software是定语,修饰 interconnections和 devices。 2021/2/20 P2
2021/2/20 P.2 @ Part 1 Notes to Text 1) Computer software, consisting of programs, enables a computer to perform specific tasks, as opposed to its physical components (hardware) which can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for.计算机软件是由各种程序构成的。它可以使计算机执行各 种具体的任务，这与计算机的物理元件（硬件）相反。物理元件只能机 械地按照人们的设计来执行任务。 注释：此句是复合句。主语是Computer software；谓语动词是enables； 不定式to perform specific tasks是宾语补足语；分词短语as opposed to意思是“与…相反”。 2) Computer software is so called in contrast to computer hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. 人们称之为计 算机软件是为了与计算机硬件形成鲜明的对比。硬件包含了各种用来存 放或运行软件的物理连接设备与装置。 注释：不定式to computer hardware用作目的状语；which引导的非限制 定语从句中的过去分词短语required to store and execute (or run) the software是定语，修饰interconnections 和 devices。 Computer Software
3). John W. Tukey 简介:出生于1915年7月16日。早年毕业于美国的布朗大学( Brown University)。化学硕士学位。1937年进入普林斯顿大学攻读数学博 士。是美国当代著名统计学家。 4) Charles Babbage查尔斯巴贝奇 简介:英国皇家学会会员、剑桥大学数学教授巴贝奇( Charles Babbage,1792-1871),是一位富有的银行家的儿子。他于1792年出 生于英格兰西南部的托格茅斯,后来继承了相当丰厚的遗产。巴贝奇把 继承的财富都用于科学研究,并显示出极高的数学天赋,考入剑桥大学 1928年受聘担任剑桥大学“卢卡辛讲座”的数学教授,这是只有牛顿 等科学大师才能获得的殊荣。 5) Alan Turing阿兰图灵 简介:阿兰图灵1912年6月23日出生于英国伦敦。主要研究量子力学 概率论和逻辑学。年仅23岁就被选为剑桥大学国王学院院士。阿兰图 灵( Alan Turing)这个名字无论是在计算机领域、数学领域、人工智 能领域还是哲学、逻辑学等领域,都可谓“掷地有声”。图灵是计算机 逻辑的奠基者,许多人工智能的重要方法也源自这位伟大的科学家 2021/2/20 P3 End
2021/2/20 P.3 3）John W. Tukey 简介：出生于1915年7月16日。早年毕业于美国的布朗大学（Brown University ）。化学硕士学位。1937年进入普林斯顿大学攻读数学博 士。是美国当代著名统计学家。 4) Charles Babbage 查尔斯·巴贝奇 简介：英国皇家学会会员、剑桥大学数学教授巴贝奇(Charles Babbage, 1792-1871.)，是一位富有的银行家的儿子。他于1792年出 生于英格兰西南部的托格茅斯，后来继承了相当丰厚的遗产。巴贝奇把 继承的财富都用于科学研究，并显示出极高的数学天赋，考入剑桥大学 后，他发现自己掌握的代数知识甚至超过了教师。1817年获硕士学位， 1928年受聘担任剑桥大学“卢卡辛讲座”的数学教授，这是只有牛顿 等科学大师才能获得的殊荣。 5) Alan Turing阿兰·图灵 简介：阿兰·图灵1912年6月23日出生于英国伦敦。主要研究量子力学、 概率论和逻辑学。年仅23岁就被选为剑桥大学国王学院院士。阿兰·图 灵（Alan Turing）这个名字无论是在计算机领域、数学领域、人工智 能领域还是哲学、逻辑学等领域，都可谓“掷地有声”。图灵是计算机 逻辑的奠基者，许多人工智能的重要方法也源自这位伟大的科学家。 End
Part 2 Word Study 1. perform v.执行 1. signify v.表示,意味 2. mechanically adv.机械地 12. precede v.在…之前,先于 3. application software应用软件13. sequence n.顺序,序列 4. productive task 生产任务 14. compile v.编译,编辑,汇编 5 interface n.界面 15. assembly n.汇编 6. middleware n,中间设备,中间件16. mnemonic ad记忆的 7. contrast n.对比,对照 17. alphabet n.字母表 8. encompass v.包括,包含 18. assembler n.汇编程序 9 execute v.执行 19 Entscheidungsproblem(德语) 10. binary adj..二进位的,二元的 判定性问题 如以冷上E
2021/2/20 P.4 End 1. perform v. 执行 11. signify v. 表示, 意味 2. mechanically adv. 机械地 12. precede v. 在...之前, 先于 3. application software 应用软件 13. sequence n. 顺序, 序列 4. productive task 生产任务 14. compile v. 编译, 编辑, 汇编 5. interface n. 界面 15. assembly n. 汇编 6. middleware n. 中间设备,中间件 16. mnemonic adj. 记忆的 7. contrast n. 对比, 对照 17. alphabet n. 字母表 8. encompass v. 包括，包含 18. assembler n. 汇编程序 9. execute v. 执行 19.Entscheidungsproblem (德语) 10.binary adj. 二进位的, 二元的 判定性问题 & Part 2 Word Study
Part3 Practice on Text Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. ( See you book p. 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words 1)perform specific tasks.4)binary values 2)physical_ components 5)in a particular sequence 3). productive. tasks 6) software engineering. 202120p6
2021/2/20 P.5 Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. (See you book p. ) 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words. @ Part3 Practice on Text 1) perform_______________ 2) _____________components 3) _______________tasks 4) binary__________ 5) ________________sequence 6) software________________ specific tasks physical productive values in a particular engineering
Task 2. Read. Write and Translate Read and Reply Directions: Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions a) What enables a computer to perform specific tasks? Computer software, consisting of programs b)Where does software consist of a machine language specific to an individual processor? At the lowest level c) What can be compiled or interpreted into machine language object code? High-level languages. 2021/2/20 P.6
2021/2/20 P.6 Read and Reply Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions: Task 2: Read, Write and Translate Computer software, consisting of programs. At the lowest level. High-level languages. c) What can be compiled or interpreted into machine language object code? a) What enables a computer to perform specific tasks? b) Where does software consist of a machine language specific to an individual processor?
Read and Judge (T)1 Word processors which perform productive tasks for users belongs to application software (F)2) Computer software is called similar to computer hardware. (T)3)Physical components can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for (F)4) Hardware is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. (F 5 The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control com putations was invented John W. Tukey in 1958 as part of his difference engine 2021/2/20 P7 End
2021/2/20 P.7 ( )1) Word processors which perform productive tasks for users belongs to application software. ( )2) Computer software is called similar to computer hardware. ( )3) Physical components can only do the tasks they are mechanically designed for. ( )4) Hardware is an ordered sequence of instructions for changing the state of the computer hardware in a particular sequence. ( )5) The concept of reading different sequences of instructions into the memory of a device to control computations was invented John W. Tukey in 1958 as part of his difference engine. Read and Judge End T F T F F
Read and Complete Directions: Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words A with B systems C used D software E application F the user G. to perform H player I that J is involved Application software is a subclass of com puter 1)that em ploys the capabilities of a com puter directly to a task 2)1 the user wishes 3)G This should be contrasted 4) system software which 5) in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. In this context the term 6)E refers to both the application software and its im plementation In some types of em bedded 7) B, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable to 8)F as in the case of software 9)C to control a VCR, DVD 10 or Microwave Oven WZZ 2021/2/20 P 8 End
2021/2/20 P.8 Directions:Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words. A. with B. systems C. used D. software E. application F. the user G. to perform H. player I. that J. is involved Application software is a subclass of computer 1)_______that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task 2)_______the user wishes 3)________. This should be contrasted 4)________system software which 5)________in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. In this context the term 6)________refers to both the application software and its implementation. In some types of embedded 7)________, the application software and the operating system software may be indistinguishable to 8)________, as in the case of software 9)________to control a VCR, DVD 10_______or Microwave Oven Read and Complete End D I G A J E B F C H
Read and Translate Directions: Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given 1你应永远履行你的诺言。( perform) You should always perform what you promise 2)经理助理到这里来是代替经理办几件小事的。( execute) The manager assistant came here to execute a few small commissions for the manager. 3)所有的物质都是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。( consist of All substances consist of small particles called molecules 4)通常,所有的学生都聚集在教室里,老师就开始上课。(as As usual, all the students assemble at the classroom, the teacher starts the class 5)这些日子他们一直在编一本供大学生用的英语词典。(com These days, they have been com piling an English dictionary for students 不和不P上E
2021/2/20 P.9 1)你应永远履行你的诺言。(perform) 2)经理助理到这里来是代替经理办几件小事的。(execute) 3)所有的物质都是由叫做分子的微粒组成的。(consist of) 4)通常，所有的学生都聚集在教室里，老师就开始上课。(assemble) 5)这些日子他们一直在编一本供大学生用的英语词典。(compile) Read and Translate Directions:Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given. End You should always perform what you promise. The manager assistant came here to execute a few small commissions for the manager. All substances consist of small particles called molecules. As usual, all the students assemble at the classroom,the teacher starts the class. These days, they have been compiling an English dictionary for students
L Part4 Extensive Reading Operation System Computer software has to be "loaded"into the computers storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software is loaded, the com puter is able to execute the software. Computers operate by executing the computer program. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine code. Each instruction causes the com puter to carry out an operation -moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering改变 the control flow of instructions Data movement is ty pically from one place in memory to another. Sometimes it involves moving data between memory and registers (寄存器 hich enable high- speed data access in the CPU. Moving data, especially large amounts of it, can be costly. So, this is sometimes avoided by using "pointers"to data instead, Computations include simple operations such as incrementing(tn) the value of a variable data element. More com plex computations may involve many operations and data elements together. 202120P10
2021/2/20 P.10 Operation System Computer software has to be "loaded" into the computer's storage (such as a hard drive, memory, or RAM). Once the software is loaded, the computer is able to execute the software. Computers operate by executing the computer program. This involves passing instructions from the application software, through the system software, to the hardware which ultimately receives the instruction as machine code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out an operation -- moving data, carrying out a computation, or altering(改变)the control flow of instructions. Data movement is typically from one place in memory to another. Sometimes it involves moving data between memory and registers (寄存器)which enable high-speed data access in the CPU. Moving data, especially large amounts of it, can be costly. So, this is sometimes avoided by using "pointers" to data instead. Computations include simple operations such as incrementing(增加)the value of a variable data element. More complex computations may involve many operations and data elements together. & Part4 Extensive Reading