Chapter Four BASIC and C Language SEOOND ETON THE Unit1 a part 1 Notes to Text L Part4 Extensive Reading Part 2 Word Study Part5 Notes to Passage Part3 Practice on Text Part6 Practice on Passage 2021/2/20 P1
2021/2/20 P.1 Unit 15 BASIC and C Language Chapter Four @ Part 1 Notes to Text & Part4 Extensive Reading & Part 2 Word Study @ Part5 Notes to Passage @ Part3 Practice on Text @ Part6 Practice on Passage
a Part 1 Notes to text BASIC and C Language 1)BASIC was developed in the early 1960s at Dartmouth College by John Keenly and Thomas Kurtz as a teaching language.BASc最早是由约翰.凯莫尼和汤姆 斯库茨于二十世纪60年代初在达特茅斯学院作为一种教学语 言而开发的。 注释:达特茅斯学院成立于一七六九年的达特茅斯学院是美国第 九所历史最悠久的学院。学生来自全美五十个州和全世界 百余个国家,其中亚裔学生占百分之十,黑人学生占百分之 七,西裔学生占百分之五,白人学生占百分之七十五。该学 院实行一种叫“达特茅斯计划”的学制,一年分四期。学生 可以任选三期在校学习。这就使得许多学生可以更灵活地安 排自己在校或到外校,甚或外国去短期学习的时间。这个学 院的著名毕业生有编纂著名的《韦伯斯特大字典》的丹尼 尔韦伯斯特(1801),著名少儿读物丛书《苏丝博士》的作 者戈色尔苏丝(1925),美国前副总统尼尔森洛克菲勒 (1930)及几任联邦部长。 2021/2/20 P2
2021/2/20 P.2 @ Part 1 Notes to Text 1) BASIC was developed in the early 1960s at Dartmouth College by John Keenly and Thomas Kurtz as a teaching language．BASIC最早是由约翰．凯莫尼和汤姆 斯库茨于二十世纪60年代初在达特茅斯学院作为一种教学语 言而开发的。 注释：达特茅斯学院成立于一七六九年的达特茅斯学院是美国第 九所历史最悠久的学院。学生来自全美五十个州和全世界一 百余个国家，其中亚裔学生占百分之十，黑人学生占百分之 七，西裔学生占百分之五，白人学生占百分之七十五。 该学 院实行一种叫“达特茅斯计划”的学制，一年分四期。学生 可以任选三期在校学习。这就使得许多学生可以更灵活地安 排自己在校或到外校，甚或外国去短期学习的时间。 这个学 院的著名毕业生有编纂著名的《韦伯斯特大字典》的丹尼 尔·韦伯斯特（1801），著名少儿读物丛书《苏丝博士》的作 者戈色尔·苏丝（1925），美国前副总统尼尔森·洛克菲勒 （1930）及几任联邦部长。 BASIC and C Language
2)BASIC was selected as the high-level langauge for such systems due to its simplicity andcompactness in memory compared to other high-level languages. BASICXit 作这种系统的高级语言,是因为它比其它高级语言简单并“节省” 内存。 注释:介词短语 due to its sim plicity and“ compactness”in memory用作原因状语;过去分次短语 compared to other high evel languages是比较状语。 3)Timesharing system improved not only efficiency, but also ease of using an interactive language--BASIC-that would allow each user to type programs into a terminal (similar to a personal computer) on whose screen the output would be displayed immediately分时系统的出现不但提高了工 作效率.而且使BASC一类交互式语言使用起来简单—即允许每 位用户同时把程序输入计算机终端(与微机类似),而输出则立即 显示在各自的屏幕上。 注释:注意that引导的从句表结果;从意义上来分析 on whose screen the output would be displayed immediately则是非限制 性定语从句, whose指代 huser 2021/2/20P3
2021/2/20 P.3 2) BASIC was selected as the high-level Iangauge for such systems due to its simplicity and “compactness” in memory compared to other high-level languages．BASIC被选 作这种系统的高级语言，是因为它比其它高级语言简单并“节省” 内存。 注释：介词短语due to its simplicity and “compactness” in memory用作原因状语；过去分次短语compared to other highlevel languages是比较状语。 3) A timesharing system improved not only efficiency, but also ease of using an interactive language—BASIC—that would allow each user to type programs into a terminal (similar to a personal computer) on whose screen the output would be displayed immediately. 分时系统的出现不但提高了工 作效率．而且使BASIC一类交互式语言使用起来简单——即允许每 位用户同时把程序输入计算机终端〔与微机类似〕，而输出则立即 显示在各自的屏幕上。 注释： 注意that引导的从句表结果；从意义上来分析on whose screen the output would be displayed immediately则是非限制 性定语从句，whose指代each user’s
4)ANSI developed a standard BASIC, however, most microcomputer systems use their own particular im plementation of BASIC. ANSIE H 了标准的BASC。但是,大多数微机系统对BASc有自己特殊的执行过程。 注释:ANS|= American Nationa| Standards Institute美国国家标准协会 5)C was developed by Dennis Ritchie as a systems programming anguage for UNIX.C语言是由 Dennis ritchie为UNX而开发的一种系统 编程语言。 注释:UNX是历史最悠久的通用操作系统。1969年,美国贝尔实验室的 K. Thompson和 D M. Ritchie在规模较小及较简单的分时操作系统 MULTICS 的基础上开发出UNX,当时是在DEc的PDP7小型计算机上实现的,1970年 正式投入运行。此后数年,UNX一直是一个限于在AT&T内部使用的操作系 统。1971年,发展出以PDP1120汇编语言所写成的Ⅵ1版,包括最基本的 文件系统和一些简单的软件,之后,又经历了一些改进。 Linux是一套免费 使用和自由传播的类Unⅸx操作系统,它主要用于基于 Intel86系列cPU的计 算机上。这个系统是由全世界各地的成千上万的程序员设计和实现的。其目 的是建立不受任何商品化软件的版权制约的、全世界都能自由使用的Unx兼 容产品。 202120p4
2021/2/20 P.4 4) ANSI developed a standard BASIC, however，most microcomputer systems use their own particular implementation of BASIC．ANSI推出 了标准的BASIC。但是，大多数微机系统对BASIC有自己特殊的执行过程。 注释：ANSI=American National Standards Institute 美国国家标准协会。 5) C was developed by Dennis Ritchie as a systems programming language for UNIX．C语言是由Dennis Ritchie为UNIX而开发的一种系统 编程语言。 注释：UNIX是历史最悠久的通用操作系统。1969年，美国贝尔实验室的 K.Thompson和D.M.Ritchie在规模较小及较简单的分时操作系统MULTICS 的基础上开发出UNIX, 当时是在DEC的PDP-7小型计算机上实现的，1970年 正式投入运行。此后数年，UNIX一直是一个限于在AT&T内部使用的操作系 统。1971年，发展出以 PDP-11/20汇编语言所写成的V1版，包括最基本的 文件系统和一些简单的软件，之后，又经历了一些改进。 Linux是一套免费 使用和自由传播的类Unix操作系统，它主要用于基于Intel x86系列CPU的计 算机上。这个系统是由全世界各地的成千上万的程序员设计和实现的。其目 的是建立不受任何商品化软件的版权制约的、全世界都能自由使用的Unix兼 容产品
6) PASCAL Pascali语言 注释: Pascal是一种计算机通用的高级程序设计语言。它 由瑞士 Niklaus wirth教授于六十年代末设计并创立。在 Pascal问世以来的三十余年间,先后产生了适合于不同机 型的各种各样版本。其中影响最大的莫过于 Turbo Pasca 系列软件。它是由美国 Borland公司设计、研制的一种适 用于微机的 Pascal编译系统。该编译系统由1983年推出 1.0版本发展到1992年推出的70版本,其版本不断更新 而功能更趋完善 2021/2/20 P.5 End
2021/2/20 P.5 6) PASCAL Pascal语言 注释：Pascal是一种计算机通用的高级程序设计语言。它 由瑞士Niklaus Wirth教授于六十年代末设计并创立。在 Pascal问世以来的三十余年间，先后产生了适合于不同机 型的各种各样版本。其中影响最大的莫过于Turbo Pascal 系列软件。它是由美国Borland公司设计、研制的一种适 用于微机的Pascal编译系统。该编译系统由1983年推出 1.0版本发展到1992年推出的7.0版本，其版本不断更新， 而功能更趋完善 End
Part 2 Word Study 1. acronym n.首字母简略词 1 lexically adv.词法上 2. simplicity n.简单,简易, 12. obviate v.消除,排除 3. compactness n.体积小;紧密(度)13. identifier n.标识符 4. stem n.主干 14. monadic adi.一元的 5. timesharing adj.分时的 15. addict adj.二元的 6. terminal n.终端 16.c0 mposite adj合成的,复合的 7. enhancement n.增强 17. integer n.整数 8. dialect n.方言 18. permissive adj.许可的 9. uniformity n.一致 19. modularization n.模块化 10. implementation n.执行 如APEk
2021/2/20 P.6 End 1. acronym n. 首字母简略词 11. lexically adv. 词法上 2. simplicity n. 简单, 简易, 12. obviate v. 消除, 排除 3. compactness n. 体积小；紧密(度) 13. identifier n. 标识符 4. stem n. 主干 14. monadic adj. 一元的 5. timesharing adj. 分时的 15. addict adj. 二元的 6. terminal n. 终端 16. composite adj. 合成的, 复合的 7. enhancement n. 增强 17. integer n. 整数 8. dialect n. 方言 18. permissive adj. 许可的 9. uniformity n. 一致 19. modularization n. 模块化 10.implementation n. 执行 & Part 2 Word Study
Part3 Practice on Text Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. ( See you book p. 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words 1)microcomputer systems 4)capabilities of the hardware 2)the high-level langauge 5)composite symbols 3)different versions 6) floating point numbers 2021/2/20 P7
2021/2/20 P.7 Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. (See you book p. ) 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words. @ Part3 Practice on Text 1) microcomputer__________ 2) the high-level____________ 3) ______________versions 4) ____________of the hardware 5) composite______________ 6) floating point____________ systems Iangauge different capabilities symbols numbers
Task 2. Read. Write and Translate Read and Reply Directions: Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions a) When and where was BASIC developed by John Keenly ind Thomas Kurtz as a teaching language? In the early 1960s at Dartmouth College b)Why do most microcomputer systems use their own particular implementation of BASIC? largely because microcomputer technology has advanced at a very rapid rate and the language has been changed to take advantage of the capabilities of the hardware c)What are allowed in identifiers, which can make them more understandable? Underlined characters 、2022P8
2021/2/20 P.8 Read and Reply Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions: Task 2: Read, Write and Translate In the early 1960s at Dartmouth College. largely because microcomputer technology has advanced at a very rapid rate and the language has been changed to take advantage of the capabilities of the hardware. Underlined characters. c) What are allowed in identifiers, which can make them more understandable? a) When and where was BASIC developed by John Keenly and Thomas Kurtz as a teaching language? b) Why do most microcomputer systems use their own particular implementation of BASIC?
Read and Judge (F 1C laguage largely remained a teaching language until the introduction of microcomputer systems in the mid-1970S. (F)2)BASIC was selected as the high-level langauge for such systems because of its com plexity and abstrusity (Ey) T)3) Some of the monadic and addict operators have unexpected precedence (T )4)Almost all com puter and microcomputer manufacturers have adopted BAsIc (F)5 Underlined characters are not allowed in identifiers, so that it cannot make them more understandable 2021/2/20 P.9 End
2021/2/20 P.9 ( )1) C laguange largely remained a teaching language until the introduction of microcomputer systems in the mid-1970s. ( )2) BASIC was selected as the high-level Iangauge for such systems because of its complexity and abstrusity (深奥). ( )3) Some of the monadic and addict operators have unexpected precedence. ( )4) Almost all computer and microcomputer manufacturers have adopted BASIC． ( )5) Underlined characters are not allowed in identifiers, so that it cannot make them more understandable.. Read and Judge End F F T T F
Read and Complete Directions: Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words A compiled B human-readable C be divided D directly E into F. though G. these ends H. low level I based J to use Computer languages can 1)C into two groups: high level languages and 2)H languages. High level languages are designed to be easier more abstract, and more portable than low level languages. Syntactically correct programs in some languages are then 4)A to low level language and executed by the computer. Most modern software is written in a high level language, compiled into object code, and then translated 5)E machine instructions Computer languages could also be grouped 6)I on other criteria Another distinction could be made between human-readable and non 7)B languages. Human-readable languages are designed to be used 8)D by humans to communicate with the computer. Non human readable languages, 9)F they can often be partially understandable are designed to be more compact and easily processed, sacrificing readability to meet 10) G 202120P10 End
2021/2/20 P.10 Directions:Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words. A. compiled B. human-readable C. be divided D. directly E. into F. though G. these ends H. low level I. based J. to use Computer languages can 1)________into two groups: high level languages and 2)________languages. High level languages are designed to be easier3)________, more abstract, and more portable than low level languages. Syntactically correct programs in some languages are then 4)________to low level language and executed by the computer. Most modern software is written in a high level language, compiled into object code, and then translated 5)________machine instructions. Computer languages could also be grouped 6)________on other criteria. Another distinction could be made between human-readable and non 7)________languages. Human-readable languages are designed to be used 8)________by humans to communicate with the computer. Non humanreadable languages, 9)________they can often be partially understandable, are designed to be more compact and easily processed, sacrificing readability to meet 10)________. Read and Complete End C H J A E I B D F G