Chapter one Transition to Modern Information Science Unit3 a part 1 Notes to Text L Part4 Extensive Reading Part 2 Word Study Part5 Notes to Passage Part3 Practice on Text Part6 Practice on Passage 2021/2/20 P1
2021/2/20 P.1 Unit 3 Transition to Modern Information Science Chapter One @ Part 1 Notes to Text & Part4 Extensive Reading & Part 2 Word Study @ Part5 Notes to Passage @ Part3 Practice on Text @ Part6 Practice on Passage
a Part 1 Notes to Text Transition to Modern Information Science 1)With the 1950's came increasing awareness of the potential of automatic devices for literature searching and information storage and retrieva随着二十世纪五十年代的来临,人们对用于 文献资料搜索、信息储存与检索的自动装置的潜力认识日益增长。 注释:该句是一个完全倒装句。主语是 awareness;介词短语 With the 1950‘s是状语,修饰谓语动词came 2) As these concepts grew in magnitude and potential, so did the variety of information science interests.由于这些概念的大量增 长,潜移默化,对信息科学研究的各种兴趣也亦如此。 注释:介词短语 rin magnitude and potential作方式状语,意思是“大 量地,潜移默化地”;后面的主句因为so放在句首而倒装。So指代 前文的 grew in magnitude and potential 2021/2/20 P2
2021/2/20 P.2 @ Part 1 Notes to Text 1) With the 1950‘s came increasing awareness of the potential of automatic devices for literature searching and information storage and retrieval.随着二十世纪五十年代的来临，人们对用于 文献资料搜索、信息储存与检索的自动装置的潜力认识日益增长。 注释：该句是一个完全倒装句。主语是awareness；介词短语With the 1950‘s是状语，修饰谓语动词came。 2) As these concepts grew in magnitude and potential, so did the variety of information science interests. 由于这些概念的大量增 长，潜移默化，对信息科学研究的各种兴趣也亦如此。 注释：介词短语in magnitude and potential作方式状语，意思是“大 量地，潜移默化地”；后面的主句因为so放在句首而倒装。So指代 前文的grew in magnitude and potential。 Transition to Modern Information Science
3) Grateful Med at the National Library of Medicine美国国家医学 图书馆数据库 注释: Grateful Med是对另一个NLM(国家医学图书馆)基于网络的 查询系统的链接。 Grateful med也提供 MEDLINE(数据库)的接入, 并且还有一些其他的数据库如 AIDSLINE、 HISTLINE等等。 4) Dialog and compuserve美国国际联机检索系统和美国最大的在 线信息服务机构 注释:美国 DIALOG系统是当今世界上最大的联机检索系统。现有近 500个数据库,专业内容涉及自然科学、社会科学、工程技术、人文 科学、时事报道和商业经济等各个领域,是一个综合性的检索系统; CompuServe CompuServe系统始建于1969年,正因如此,它也有 可能是第一个面向公众开放的主要BBS系统。在1978年就开了电子 邮件广泛使用的先河,1980年引入了一个简单版本的聊天室,到上 世纪八十年代早期时,这个系统开始具体成形并继而演化成以后很长 段时间里人们所见的那种样子:一个成熟可靠,范围覆盖众多城市 乃至海外的在线信息服务,用户需要通过按分钟计时的拨号上网方式 对其实施访问。 2021/2/20 P3 End
2021/2/20 P.3 3) Grateful Med at the National Library of Medicine美国国家医学 图书馆数据库 注释：Grateful Med是对另一个NLM（国家医学图书馆）基于网络的 查询系统的链接。Grateful Med也提供MEDLINE（数据库）的接入， 并且还有一些其他的数据库如AIDSLINE、HISTLINE等等。 4) Dialog and Compuserve 美国国际联机检索系统和美国最大的在 线信息服务机构 注释：美国DIALOG系统是当今世界上最大的联机检索系统。现有近 500个数据库，专业内容涉及自然科学、社会科学、工程技术、人文 科学、时事报道和商业经济等各个领域，是一个综合性的检索系统； CompuServe CompuServe系统始建于1969年，正因如此，它也有 可能是第一个面向公众开放的主要BBS系统。在1978年就开了电子 邮件广泛使用的先河， 1980年引入了一个简单版本的聊天室，到上 世纪八十年代早期时，这个系统开始具体成形并继而演化成以后很长 一段时间里人们所见的那种样子：一个成熟可靠，范围覆盖众多城市 乃至海外的在线信息服务，用户需要通过按分钟计时的拨号上网方式 对其实施访问。 End
Part 2 Word Study 1. transition n.过渡;演变 10. humanities n.人文学科 2. awareness n.意识,注意 1 professional n.专业的,职业的 3. automatic n.自动的,无意识的12 curriculum n.课程 4. literature n.文献资料 13.user- oriented n.面向用户的 5 magnitude n.大小,数量 14 accessible adi.易得到的 6. batch n.批量 15 decade n.十年,十 7. mainframe n.大型机 16 community. n.社区;团体 8. boundary n.界限;范围 17 consequence n.影响;价值 9. fade v.渐渐消失 18. widespread n.普遍的 P4上En
2021/2/20 P.4 End 1. transition n. 过渡；演变 10. humanities n. 人文学科 2. awareness n. 意识, 注意 11.professional n. 专业的, 职业的 3. automatic n. 自动的, 无意识的 12.curriculum n. 课程 4. literature n. 文献资料 13.user-oriented n. 面向用户的 5. magnitude n. 大小, 数量 14.accessible adj. 易得到的 6. batch n. 批量 15.decade n. 十年, 十 7. mainframe n. 大型机 16.community n. 社区; 团体 8. boundary n. 界限；范围 17.consequence n. 影响；价值 9. fade v. 渐渐消失 18.widespread n. 普遍的 & Part 2 Word Study
Part3 Practice on Text Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. ( See you book p. 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words 1) automatic. devices 4)humanities and social sciences 2)traditional_boundaries)user-oriented services 3 professional I_ 6)online databases 202120p6
2021/2/20 P.5 Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. (See you book p. ) 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words. @ Part3 Practice on Text 1) ________________devices 2) ________________boundaries 3) professional______________ 4) humanities and_____________ 5) ________________services 6) online________________ automatic traditional programs social sciences user-oriented databases
Task 2. Read. Write and Translate Read and Reply Directions: Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions a) What did people become more and more aware of in the 1950s? The potential of automatic devices for literature searching and information storage and retrieval. b)When was there a move from batch processing to online modes, from mainframe to mini and micro computers? By the 1960s and 70s c)Where could user-oriented services be accessed for the first timee by individuals? From their personal computers 2021/2/20 P.6
2021/2/20 P.6 Read and Reply Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions: b) When was there a move from batch processing to online modes, from mainframe to mini and micro computers? c) Where could user-oriented services be accessed for the first timee by individuals? Task 2: Read, Write and Translate The potential of automatic devices for literature searching and information storage and retrieval. By the 1960s and 70s. From their personal computers a) What did people become more and more aware of in the 1950's?
Read and Judge Directions: Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true(T) or false(F) (T )1 The variety of information science interests grewgreatly and potentially just as the concepts did (F)2) Because traditional boundaries among disciplines never faded, a number of information science scholars joined with library programs (T)3) The scholars further made themselves multidisciplinary by incorporating disciplines in the sciences (T)4) Individuals were able to get access to large databases from their personal computers by the 1980s. (F)5) Numerous Special Interest Groups could hardly be seen to respond to the changes in 1980s 2021/2/20 P7 End
2021/2/20 P.7 Directions:Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true (T) or false (F). ( )1) The variety of information science interests grewgreatly and potentially just as the concepts did. ( )2) Because traditional boundaries among disciplines never faded, a number of information science scholars joined with library programs. ( )3) The scholars further made themselves multidisciplinary by incorporating disciplines in the sciences. ( )4) Individuals were able to get access to large databases from their personal computers by the 1980's. ( )5) Numerous Special Interest Groups could hardly be seen to respond to the changes in 1980s. Read and Judge End T F T T F
Read and Complete Directions: Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words A sheets and cards B possible C produce D which E. not only F were G. involved H. By 1937 I to build J information Otlet1)E imagined that all the world's knowledge should be interlinked and made available remotely to anyone, he also proceeded 2 a structured document collection that 3)G standardized paper 4) filed in custom-designed cabinets according to an ever-expanding ontology, an indexing staff which culled 5) worldwide from as diverse sources as 6)B, and a commercial information retrieval service answered written requests by copying relevant information from index cards. Users of this service 8).even warned if their query was likely to 9)C more than 50 results per search. 10 documentation had formally been institutionalized, as evidenced by the founding of the American DocumentationInstitute 2021/2/20 P 8 End
2021/2/20 P.8 Directions:Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words. A. sheets and cards B. possible C. produce D. which E. not only F. were G. involved H. By 1937 I. to build J. information Otlet 1)________imagined that all the world's knowledge should be interlinked and made available remotely to anyone, he also proceeded 2)________a structured document collection that 3)________standardized paper 4)________filed in custom-designed cabinets according to an ever-expanding ontology, an indexing staff which culled 5)________worldwide from as diverse sources as 6)________, and a commercial information retrieval service 7)________answered written requests by copying relevant information from index cards. Users of this service 8)________even warned if their query was likely to 9)________more than 50 results per search. 10)________documentation had formally been institutionalized, as evidenced by the founding of the American Documentation Institute. Read and Complete End E I G A J B D F C H
Read and Translate Directions: Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given 1)她永远不会忘却童年时代所受的痛苦。(fade) The memory of her sufferings in her childhood will never fade from her mind 2)中国,许多变革都发生在过去的10年。(see The past 10 years saw many great changes in China 3)他的妻子通情达理为此他引以为豪。( be accessible to He is proud that his wife is accessible to reason 4)入境时我的提包在海关受到了检查。( examine) My suitcases were examined at the Customs when entered the country. 5)随着21世纪的开始,人们越来越意识到信息技术的重要性。 (awareness) With the beginning of the 21 century, came increasing the awareness of, the im portance of the information science. 2021/2/20 P.9 End
2021/2/20 P.9 Read and Translate Directions:Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given. The memory of her sufferings in her childhood will never fade from her mind. My suitcases were examined at the Customs when I entered the country. End The past 10 years saw many great changes in China. He is proud that his wife is accessible to reason With the beginning of the 21 century, came increasing the awareness of the importance of the information science. 1)她永远不会忘却童年时代所受的痛苦。（fade） 2)中国，许多变革都发生在过去的10年。(see) 3)他的妻子通情达理,为此他引以为豪。(be accessible to ) 4)入境时,我的提包在海关受到了检查。(examine) 5)随着21世纪的开始，人们越来越意识到信息技术的重要性。 （awareness）
O Part4 Extensive ReadingBasical Information Theory The main concepts of information theory can be grasped by considering the most widespread means of human communication language. Two important aspects of a good language are as follows: First, the most common words (e.g. ,a,the, "T") should be shorter than less common words(e.g,"benefit,generation, mediocre), so that sentences will not be too long. Such a tradeoff (交易:权衡 n word length is analogous to偻类似于) data compression(压 g)and is the essential aspect of source coding. Second, if part of a sentence is unheard or misheard due to noise-e g, a passing car-the listener should still be able to glean(sly) the meaning of the underlying隐含的) message. Such. robustness时力 is as essential for an electronic communication system as it is for a language Properly building such robustness into communications is done by channel coding. Source coding and channel coding are the fundamental concerns of information theory 202120P10
2021/2/20 P.10 Basical Information Theory The main concepts of information theory can be grasped by considering the most widespread means of human communication: language. Two important aspects of a good language are as follows: First, the most common words (e.g., "a," "the," "I") should be shorter than less common words (e.g., "benefit," "generation," "mediocre"), so that sentences will not be too long. Such a tradeoff (交易；权衡)in word length is analogous to (类似于 )data compression (压 缩)and is the essential aspect of source coding. Second, if part of a sentence is unheard or misheard due to noise—e.g., a passing car—the listener should still be able to glean(收集)the meaning of the underlying(隐含的 ) message. Such robustness(耐力)is as essential for an electronic communication system as it is for a language. Properly building such robustness into communications is done by channel coding. Source coding and channel coding are the fundamental concerns of information theory. & Part4 Extensive Reading
