Chapter one Evolution of lnformation Science Satellite ncident Solar radiation Atmosphere i Forest Grass Bare Soil Paved Built-up Area Unit 2 a part 1 Notes to Text L Part4 Extensive Reading Part 2 Word Study Part5 Notes to Passage Part3 Practice on Text Part6 Practice on Passage 2021/2/20 P1
2021/2/20 P.1 Unit 2 Evolution of Information Science Chapter One @ Part 1 Notes to Text & Part4 Extensive Reading & Part 2 Word Study @ Part5 Notes to Passage @ Part3 Practice on Text @ Part6 Practice on Passage
a Part 1 Notes to Text Evolution of Information Science 1) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz菜布尼茨 简介:莱布尼茨(1646-1716)是德国莱比锡一个哲学教授的儿子, 德国启蒙运动中伟大的哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家、历史学家和语 言学家,被称为德国以及欧洲历史上最后一个各学科的通才。 2)Information science, in studying the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information as mentioned previously, has origins in the common stock of human knowledge.正如前面所述,信息科学研 究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播,它起源于共同的 人类知识宝库。 注释:此处的介词短语 Hin studying.是插入成分,用作状语,对主语 nformation science加以补充说明。 2021/2/20 P2
2021/2/20 P.2 @ Part 1 Notes to Text 1) Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz 莱布尼茨 简介：莱布尼茨（1646–1716）是德国莱比锡一个哲学教授的儿子， 德国启蒙运动中伟大的哲学家、数学家、逻辑学家、历史学家和语 言学家，被称为德国以及欧洲历史上最后一个各学科的通才。 2) Information science, in studying the collection, classification, manipulation, storage, retrieval and dissemination of information as mentioned previously, has origins in the common stock of human knowledge. 正如前面所述，信息科学研 究信息的采集、分类、处理、储存、检索和传播，它起源于共同的 人类知识宝库。 注释：此处的介词短语in studying…是插入成分，用作状语，对主语 Information science加以补充说明。 Evolution of Information Science
3)Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the emergence of cultural depositories, what is today known as libraries and archives至少早在阿比西尼亚帝国时代,随着文化储 存处的出现,学者就采用了信息分析,这所谓的文化储存处就是当 今人人皆知的图书馆和档案馆。 注释:介词短语 with the emergence of cultural depositories是伴 随状语;从句 what is today known as libraries and archives.属于 插入成分,相当于同位语,对前面的 cultural depositories作补充说 明 2021/2/20 P3
2021/2/20 P.3 3) Information analysis has been carried out by scholars at least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire with the emergence of cultural depositories, what is today known as libraries and archives.至少早在阿比西尼亚帝国时代，随着文化储 存处的出现，学者就采用了信息分析，这所谓的文化储存处就是当 今人人皆知的图书馆和档案馆。 注释：介词短语with the emergence of cultural depositories是伴 随状语；从句what is today known as libraries and archives.属于 插入成分，相当于同位语，对前面的cultural depositories作补充说 明
4) Benjamin Franklin本杰明富兰克林 简介:本杰明富兰克林(Dr. Benjamin Franklin,1706-1790) 美国着名的政治家与科学家。他同时亦是出版商、印刷商、记者、 作家、慈善家;更是杰出的外交家及发明家。他是美国革命时重要 的领导人之一,参与了多项重要文件的草拟,并曾出任美国驻法国 大使,成功取得法国支持美国独立。富兰克林曾经进行多项关于电 的实验,并且发明了避雷针。其他由他发明的事物包括有双焦点眼 镜,蛙鞋等等。富兰克林是共济会的成员,被选为英国皇家学会院 士。他亦是美国首任邮政总长( Postmaster Genera)。 5) Alois senefelder塞纳菲尔德 简介:奥国(今捷克的布拉格)作曲家塞纳菲尔德(Aois Senefelder771-1834)发明石版印刷术( Lithography),利用水与 脂肪互相反拨原理,在平面印刷方面,他被视为平版印刷术 ( Planography)的鼻祖。并造木制石版印刷机。 G20212120P4GG End 1
2021/2/20 P.4 4) Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林 简介：本杰明·富兰克林（Dr. Benjamin Franklin，1706 -1790） 美国着名的政治家与科学家。他同时亦是出版商、印刷商、记者、 作家、慈善家；更是杰出的外交家及发明家。他是美国革命时重要 的领导人之一，参与了多项重要文件的草拟，并曾出任美国驻法国 大使，成功取得法国支持美国独立。富兰克林曾经进行多项关于电 的实验，并且发明了避雷针。其他由他发明的事物包括有双焦点眼 镜，蛙鞋等等。富兰克林是共济会的成员，被选为英国皇家学会院 士。他亦是美国首任邮政总长（Postmaster General）。 5) Alois Senefelder 塞纳菲尔德 简介：奥国(今捷克的布拉格)人作曲家塞纳菲尔德(Alois Senefelder l771-1834) 发明石版印刷术(Lithography)，利用水与 脂肪互相反拨原理，在平面印刷方面，他被视为平版印刷术 (Planography)的鼻祖。并造木制石版印刷机。 End
L Part 2 Word Study L. philosopher n.哲学家 9. discipline n.学科 2. contributions n.贡献 10. institutional adj制度上的 3. origin n.起源 philosophical adj,哲学的 4. analysis n.分析 12. transaction n.学报 5. emergence n.出现 13. institutionalization n.制度化 6. depository n.收藏处;仓库 14. realm n.领域;范畴 7. archive n.档案馆 15. pattern v.模仿;效仿 8. institutionally adv.在制度上 16. lithography n.石版印刷术 2021/2/20 P.5 End
2021/2/20 P.5 End 1. philosopher n. 哲学家 9. discipline n. 学科 2. contributions n. 贡献 10. institutional adj. 制度上的 3. origin n. 起源 11. philosophical adj. 哲学的 4. analysis n. 分析 12. transaction n. 学报 5. emergence n. 出现 13. institutionalization n. 制度化 6. depository n. 收藏处；仓库 14. realm n. 领域;范畴 7. archive n. 档案馆 15. pattern v. 模仿;效仿 8. institutionally adv. 在制度上 16. lithography n. 石版印刷术 & Part 2 Word Study
Part3 Practice on Text Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. ( See you book p. 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words 1)significant contributions)medical journal 2)dissemination ofinformation. 5)scientific_experiment- 3)cultural depositories 6 concep t lithography 2021/2/20 P.6
2021/2/20 P.6 Task 1: Listening training Dictation of some key words Directions: You will hear some key words twice, most of which are taken from the Word Study. Then finish the Crossword Puzzle. (See you book p. ) 2. Dictation of some key expressions Directions: You will hear some key expressions twice, most of which are taken from this text. Then you are asked to complete the missing words. @ Part3 Practice on Text 1) significant_______________ 2) _______________of information 3) cultural_________________ 4) _____________journal 5) scientific_______________ 6) ____________of lithography contributions dissemination depositories medical experiment concept
Task 2. Read. Write and Translate Read and Reply Directions: Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions a)Who made significant contributions to what we now call information science? Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, a philosopher b)What did Benjamin Franklin do in 1731? The Library Company of Philadelphia, the first public library c)When was information analysis carried out by scholars? At least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire 2021/2/20 P7
2021/2/20 P.7 Read and Reply Directions:Students are required to read aloud the whole text after the teacher. Then give short answers to the following questions: a)Who made significant contributions to what we now call "information science? b) What did Benjamin Franklin do in 1731? c) When was information analysis carried out by scholars? Task 2: Read, Write and Translate Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz, a philosopher The Library Company of Philadelphia, the first “public” library At least as early as the time of the Abyssinian Empire
Read and Judge Directions: Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true(T) or false(F) (7)1)t was Benjamin Franklin who made great contributions to information science )2) Information science emerged in the 18th Century along with many other social science disciplines ()3) The first scientific journal; in 1665 by the Royal Society was cald‘‘ Philosophical Transactions,’ ()4) The first public library was founded by Gottfried ilhelm von leibniz ()5The first medical journal was published in 1736 in London 2021/2/20 P 8 End
2021/2/20 P.8 Directions:Students are required to read through the whole text again and then tell whether the following statements true (T) or false (F). ( )1) It was Benjamin Franklin who made great contributions to information science. ( )2) Information science emerged in the 18th Century along with many other social science disciplines ( ) 3) The first scientific journal, in 1665 by the Royal Society was called ‘‘Philosophical Transactions,’’ ( )4) The first “public” library was founded by Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz. ( )5)The first medical journal was published in 1736 in London. Read and Judge End T F T F F
Read and Complete Directions: Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words Ainformation B held C. reach D published E. Establishing F In 1860 G. return H convinces to discuss J. which In 1854 George Boole 1)D'An Investigation into Laws of Thought,’ lays the foundations for Boolean algebra, which is later usedA n 3) retriev I 4 a congress is 5) at Karlsruhe Technische Ochs chule 6) the fea sibility of 7) a systematic and rational nomenclature for chemistry. The congress does not 8) any conclusive results, but several k( participants 9) home with Stanislao Cannizzaro's outline (1858), which ultima c ly 10) them of the validity of his scheme for calculating atomic weights 上E长
2021/2/20 P.9 Directions:Read the following short passage. Complete it by filling in the missing words. A.information B. held C. reach D. published E. Establishing F. In 1860 G. return H. convinces I. to discuss J. which In 1854 George Boole 1)___________‘‘An Investigation into Laws of Thought...,’’ 2)________lays the foundations for Boolean algebra, which is later used in 3)________retrieval. 4)_________a congress is 5)________at Karlsruhe Technische Hochschule 6)________the feasibility of 7)________a systematic and rational nomenclature for chemistry. The congress does not 8)________any conclusive results, but several key participants 9)_______home with Stanislao Cannizzaro's outline (1858), which ultimately 10)________them of the validity of his scheme for calculating atomic weights. Read and Complete End D J A F B I E C G H
Read and Translate Directions: Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given 1)成千上万的科学家为人类的进步和世界和平做出了巨大的贡献。 (make contributions to Thousands of scientists have made great contributions to the progress of human society and the peace of the world Through many years of effort, she carried out her plan ut) 2)通过多年的努力,她终于实现了出国留学的计划。( carry out) to study abroad 3)我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。(host) The academic conference was hosted by our university 4)那个有钱的商人在他出生的城镇创办了一家医院和一所学校。 found) The rich businissman founded a hospital and a school in the town where he was born 5)这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了。( expand The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve 202120P10 End
2021/2/20 P.10 1)成千上万的科学家为人类的进步和世界和平做出了巨大的贡献。 （make contributions to） 2)通过多年的努力，她终于实现了出国留学的计划。(carry out) 3)我们学校充当这次学术会议的东道主。( host ) 4)那个有钱的商人在他出生的城镇创办了一家医院和一所学校。 ( found ) 5)这个公司已从一个分公司发展到拥有12个分公司了。(expand) Read and Translate Directions:Put the following sentences into English, using the words or phrases given. Thousands of scientists have made great contributions to the progress of human society and the peace of the world. Through many years of effort, she carried out her plan to study abroad. The academic conference was hosted by our university. The rich businissman founded a hospital and a school in the town where he was born. The business has expanded from having one office to having twelve. End