Energies 2015,8 11016 Energy savings could be adopted suddenly during one part of a study or be adopted steadily throughout the whole duration of a study.In this context,identifying a rate for behavioral changes could potentially be considered a means of determining whether an intervention method can lead to energy-saving behaviors during specific amounts of time.In fact,the speed at which occupants adopt certain energy-saving behavior is valuable information.This rate could also be considered an indicator for comparing several intervention methods.For example,this rate could be defined as the amount of energy saved by an occupant per day.By dividing the total amount of energy saved by the total number of occupants and feedback durations,this rate could reveal which methods are the most effective at inspiring change.Considering this rate in further studies would provide even better opportunities for understanding which intervention techniques are most efficient. One of the most effective feedback tools to motivate energy-saving behavior is historical comparison [169],which allows occupants to make a good comparison regarding their own energy consumption.In particular,historical comparisons could provide energy-use related information for individual occupants over a period of time to show them,for example,when they used less energy.Then, occupants can check their own behavior across time to understand their own energy-saving actions. However,there is a gap in the literature to study how historical comparison feedback works for commercial occupants.Further research needs to study the influence of historical comparison feedback on improving occupant energy-use behaviors. 5.2.Connections between Three Main Approaches Apart from the importance of each individual research category,their connections are also very important in helping the ultimate goal of improving occupancy-related behaviors to bring about general energy savings within all built environments.We therefore argue that by understanding the connections between these areas,researchers can understand how efforts in each area bring about change in other areas,and researchers can identify which kinds of connections were missed;failure to achieve such connections can undermine the overall efforts of three areas for general energy saving. Finding individual occupants'energy consumption,as happens in the first approach,could form the input data for the second and third approaches.The current status of simulation models shows the maturity of the second approach's ability to model the dynamic behaviors of individual occupants. Such models need as one of their input data the occupant-specific energy use to simulate the real process of occupants'energy use over time.However,the current status of this research indicates that the literature has failed to consider this link between the first and second approaches.The immaturity of the first approach as compared to second approach could be the main reason for missing this link.Failing to provide occupant-specific energy consumption might disturb the performance of a simulation tool. In addition,in the field of improving occupant behavior,there is a need for researchers to know the energy consumption of individual occupants during the three phases of their research:before starting using the intervention tools,during the studies,and after finishing these studies.In particular,such energy knowledge about individual occupants not only helps to track changes in occupants'energy behaviors over time but also shows the performance of an intervention tool.The current status of the literature shows that researchers have used the overall energy consumption of all occupants for tracking occupants' changes in behavior and intervention tools'performance.However,in these cases,energy data ofEnergies 2015, 8 11016 Energy savings could be adopted suddenly during one part of a study or be adopted steadily throughout the whole duration of a study. In this context, identifying a rate for behavioral changes could potentially be considered a means of determining whether an intervention method can lead to energy-saving behaviors during specific amounts of time. In fact, the speed at which occupants adopt certain energy-saving behavior is valuable information. This rate could also be considered an indicator for comparing several intervention methods. For example, this rate could be defined as the amount of energy saved by an occupant per day. By dividing the total amount of energy saved by the total number of occupants and feedback durations, this rate could reveal which methods are the most effective at inspiring change. Considering this rate in further studies would provide even better opportunities for understanding which intervention techniques are most efficient. One of the most effective feedback tools to motivate energy-saving behavior is historical comparison [169], which allows occupants to make a good comparison regarding their own energy consumption. In particular, historical comparisons could provide energy-use related information for individual occupants over a period of time to show them, for example, when they used less energy. Then, occupants can check their own behavior across time to understand their own energy-saving actions. However, there is a gap in the literature to study how historical comparison feedback works for commercial occupants. Further research needs to study the influence of historical comparison feedback on improving occupant energy-use behaviors. 5.2. Connections between Three Main Approaches Apart from the importance of each individual research category, their connections are also very important in helping the ultimate goal of improving occupancy-related behaviors to bring about general energy savings within all built environments. We therefore argue that by understanding the connections between these areas, researchers can understand how efforts in each area bring about change in other areas, and researchers can identify which kinds of connections were missed; failure to achieve such connections can undermine the overall efforts of three areas for general energy saving. Finding individual occupants’ energy consumption, as happens in the first approach, could form the input data for the second and third approaches. The current status of simulation models shows the maturity of the second approach’s ability to model the dynamic behaviors of individual occupants. Such models need as one of their input data the occupant-specific energy use to simulate the real process of occupants’ energy use over time. However, the current status of this research indicates that the literature has failed to consider this link between the first and second approaches. The immaturity of the first approach as compared to second approach could be the main reason for missing this link. Failing to provide occupant-specific energy consumption might disturb the performance of a simulation tool. In addition, in the field of improving occupant behavior, there is a need for researchers to know the energy consumption of individual occupants during the three phases of their research: before starting using the intervention tools, during the studies, and after finishing these studies. In particular, such energy knowledge about individual occupants not only helps to track changes in occupants’ energy behaviors over time but also shows the performance of an intervention tool. The current status of the literature shows that researchers have used the overall energy consumption of all occupants for tracking occupants’ changes in behavior and intervention tools’ performance. However, in these cases, energy data of