3.Motivation is a need-satisfying process.When a need is intensified to a certain sufficient level,it will generate goal-directed behavior,which will lead to tension reduction and need satisfaction. 4.Needs offer business opportunities.Marketers should find out customers'needs or generate customers'needs,intensify their needs and then design,manufacture and supply the market with needs-satisfying goods or services. Translation of background reading 激励进程 激励是促成以特定目标为导向的行为方式的一种意向：或者说它是一种朝着 组织目标付出高度努力的意愿，前提是这些努力能够满足一些个人需要。广义上 的激励涉及朝着任何目标所进行的努力，而我们将范围缩小至组织目标，因为我 们这里只讨论与工作有关的行为。我们所定义的激励有三个要素：努力、组织目 标和需求。 努力要素衡量的是强度。当某人受到激励时，他/她努力工作。但是只有当 与组织利益一致时，高度努力才能产生有益的工作业绩成果。因此，我们必须要 考虑努力的性质和强度。我们应当追求的是朝着组织目标进行的并与组织目标一 致的努力。最终，我们认为激励是满足需求的进程。 需求意味着一种内在状态，这种状态使某些成果具有吸引力。需求得不到满 足就会引起紧张并激发个体的内趋动力，这种动力又促使人们采取行动寻找特定 目标一这些目标的达成能够满足需求从而缓解紧张感。 因此，可以说被激励的员工处于紧张状态中。为了缓解紧张，他们会付出努 力。紧张感越强，努力度就越高。如果努力能够成功地满足需求，则紧张趋于缓 和。但是，既然我们侧重工作行为，这种缓解紧张的努力必须与组织目标一致。 由此，我们对激励的定义中自然地包含了一项要求，那就是个体需求应与组织目 标相协调、相一致。 Part A First listening:listen for the gist What is the main idea of the news? Four years after the Sept.11 terror attacks,the U.S.continues to heal.The healing process includes the activities such as funerals,memorials,remembrance ceremonies, and various approaches to getting over the loss of loved ones. Second listening:listen for specific information In this part the teacher has great freedom and flexibility to ask students questions,to clarify any difficult language points,to add in supplementary materials as background knowledge or in-depth understanding of the listening materials. Notice how these expressions are related to the healing activities of a disaster. An ever-present global threat,funerals for victims,the search-and-rescue3. Motivation is a need-satisfying process. When a need is intensified to a certain sufficient level, it will generate goal-directed behavior, which will lead to tension reduction and need satisfaction. 4. Needs offer business opportunities. Marketers should find out customers’ needs or generate customers’ needs, intensify their needs and then design, manufacture and supply the market with needs-satisfying goods or services. Translation of background reading 激励进程 激励是促成以特定目标为导向的行为方式的一种意向；或者说它是一种朝着 组织目标付出高度努力的意愿，前提是这些努力能够满足一些个人需要。广义上 的激励涉及朝着任何目标所进行的努力，而我们将范围缩小至组织目标，因为我 们这里只讨论与工作有关的行为。我们所定义的激励有三个要素：努力、组织目 标和需求。 努力要素衡量的是强度。当某人受到激励时，他/她努力工作。但是只有当 与组织利益一致时，高度努力才能产生有益的工作业绩成果。因此，我们必须要 考虑努力的性质和强度。我们应当追求的是朝着组织目标进行的并与组织目标一 致的努力。最终，我们认为激励是满足需求的进程。 需求意味着一种内在状态，这种状态使某些成果具有吸引力。需求得不到满 足就会引起紧张并激发个体的内趋动力，这种动力又促使人们采取行动寻找特定 目标——这些目标的达成能够满足需求从而缓解紧张感。 因此，可以说被激励的员工处于紧张状态中。为了缓解紧张，他们会付出努 力。紧张感越强，努力度就越高。如果努力能够成功地满足需求，则紧张趋于缓 和。但是，既然我们侧重工作行为，这种缓解紧张的努力必须与组织目标一致。 由此，我们对激励的定义中自然地包含了一项要求，那就是个体需求应与组织目 标相协调、相一致。 Part A First listening: listen for the gist What is the main idea of the news? Four years after the Sept.11 terror attacks, the U.S. continues to heal. The healing process includes the activities such as funerals, memorials, remembrance ceremonies, and various approaches to getting over the loss of loved ones. Second listening: listen for specific information In this part the teacher has great freedom and flexibility to ask students questions, to clarify any difficult language points, to add in supplementary materials as background knowledge or in-depth understanding of the listening materials. ‹ Notice how these expressions are related to the healing activities of a disaster. An ever-present global threat, funerals for victims, the search-and-rescue