ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I will always be indebted to the following people for their invaluable contributions to the original edition of this work:Forrest Wilson.whose insights into the communication of design principles helped clarify the organization of the material,and whose support made its initial publication possible:James Tice,whose knowledge and understanding of architectural history and theory strengthened the development of this study:Norman Crowe.whose diligence and skill in the teaching of architecture encouraged me to pursue this work:Roger Sherwood. whose research into the organizational principles of form fostered the development of the chapter on ordering principles:Daniel Friedman. for his enthusiasm and careful editing of the final copy:Diane Turner and Philip Hamp,for their assistance in researching material for the illustrations;and to the editorial and production staff at Van Nostrand Reinhold.for their exceptional support and serviceduring the making of the first edition. For the second edition,my appreciation extends to the many students and their teachers who have used this book over the years and offered suggestions for its improvement as a reference and tool for study and teaching.I want to especially thank the following educators for their careful critique of the first edition:L.Rudolph Barton,Laurence A.Clement,Jr.,Kevin Forseth,Simon Herbert,Jan Jennings,Marjorie Kriebel,Thomas E.Steinfeld,Cheryl Wagner.James M.Wehler,and Robert L.Wright. In preparing the third edition,Iam grateful to Michele Chiuini,Ahmeen Faroog,and Dexter Hulse for their thoughtful reviews of the second edition.While lattempted to incorporate much of their wise counsel, I remain solely responsible for any deficiencies remaining in the text.I especially want to express my gratitude to the editorial and production staff at John Wiley Sons for their invaluable support and encouragement,and to Nan-ching Tai for his creative contributions and technical assistance in preparing the electronic component of the third edition. Dr.Karen Spence,Gary Crafts.Lohren Deeg.and Dr.Ralph Hammann provided valuable insights and suggestions for this fourth edition.I want to especially recognize Paul Drougas and Lauren Olesky of John Wiley& Sons for their continuing editorial assistance and support.which made this publication not only possible but also an enjoyable endeavor. To Debra,Emily,and Andrew.whose love of life itis ultimately the role of architecture to nourish. VIII ARCHITECTURE:FORM,SPACE,ORDERVIII / ARCHITECTURE: FORM, SPACE, & ORDER I will always be indebted to the following people for their invaluable contributions to the original edition of this work: Forrest Wilson, whose insights into the communication of design principles helped clarify the organization of the material, and whose support made its initial publication possible; James Tice, whose knowledge and understanding of architectural history and theory strengthened the development of this study; Norman Crowe, whose diligence and skill in the teaching of architecture encouraged me to pursue this work; Roger Sherwood, whose research into the organizational principles of form fostered the development of the chapter on ordering principles; Daniel Friedman, for his enthusiasm and careful editing of the final copy; Diane Turner and Philip Hamp, for their assistance in researching material for the illustrations; and to the editorial and production staff at Van Nostrand Reinhold, for their exceptional support and service during the making of the first edition. For the second edition, my appreciation extends to the many students and their teachers who have used this book over the years and offered suggestions for its improvement as a reference and tool for study and teaching. I want to especially thank the following educators for their careful critique of the first edition: L. Rudolph Barton, Laurence A. Clement, Jr., Kevin Forseth, Simon Herbert, Jan Jennings, Marjorie Kriebel, Thomas E. Steinfeld, Cheryl Wagner, James M. Wehler, and Robert L. Wright. In preparing the third edition, I am grateful to Michele Chiuini, Ahmeen Farooq, and Dexter Hulse for their thoughtful reviews of the second edition. While I attempted to incorporate much of their wise counsel, I remain solely responsible for any deficiencies remaining in the text. I especially want to express my gratitude to the editorial and production staff at John Wiley & Sons for their invaluable support and encouragement, and to Nan-ching Tai for his creative contributions and technical assistance in preparing the electronic component of the third edition. Dr. Karen Spence, Gary Crafts, Lohren Deeg, and Dr. Ralph Hammann provided valuable insights and suggestions for this fourth edition. I want to especially recognize Paul Drougas and Lauren Olesky of John Wiley & Sons for their continuing editorial assistance and support, which made this publication not only possible but also an enjoyable endeavor. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS To Debra, Emily, and Andrew, whose love of life it is ultimately the role of architecture to nourish