Self-strengthening movement (1860s-1895 1860s, set up and arsenal in Shanghai -strong ships and powerful cannon", to build machines and weapons 1862, interpreters college to study foreign languages To translate Western learning"( Chinese literati collaborated with Protestant Missionaries)-Western sciences, new technologies, and also philosophy and thoughts on political institutions John Fryer(1839-1928), translation bureau of the shanghai Arsenal, produced many compilations- textbooks for Chinese students Ding richang,'s proposal for civil examinations-associated with Western knowledgeSelf-Strengthening Movement (1860s-1895)  1860s, set up and arsenal in Shanghai – “strong ships and powerful cannon”, to build machines and weapons  1862, interpreters college to study foreign languages  To translate “Western learning” (Chinese literati collaborated with Protestant Missionaries) – Western sciences, new technologies, and also philosophy and thoughts on political institutions.  John Fryer (1839-1928), translation bureau of the Shanghai Arsenal, produced many compilations – textbooks for Chinese students  Ding Richang’s proposal for civil examinations – associated with Western knowledge