socioeconomic progress set for them by bibliography lations International Research Series industrial civilizations. By comparison New York: John Day with the material wealth of industrial so- Ackermann, F L. 1964. Geologia e Fisiogra- Kroeger, Axel, and Francois Barbira-Freedman cieties, tribal societies become, by defi- fia da Regio Bragantina, Estado do 1982. Culture Change and Health: The Pard. Manaus. Brazil: Conselho Nacional Case of South American Rainforest Indi nition, impoverished. They are then de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Pes- ans. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lans forced to transform their cultures and Reprinted in Bodley, 1988a: 221-236.) work to achieve what many economists Allard, William Albert, and Loren Mclntyre. McNeil, Mary. 1972. Lateritic soils in dis- knowledge to be unattainable tinct tropical environments: Southern periled rain forest. National Geo Sudan and brazil. In The Careless Tech- Even though in many cases the graphic 174(6):772-799 GNP goals set by development Bodley, John H. 1970. Campa Socio-Economic nology: Ecology an International Devel pment, ed. M. T. Farvar and John P. planners for the developing nations dur- Adaptation. Ann Arbor: University Mi- Milton, pp. 591-608. Garden City, N.Y. ing the development decade"of the Natural History Press. 1960s were often met. the results were 1983. Der Weg der Zerstorung: Stam- Monckeberg, F. 1968. Mental retardation hardly noticeable for most of the tribal mesvolker und die industrielle Zivilization rom malnutrition. Joumal of the ameri people involved. Population growth, en Munich: Trickster-Verlag (Translation of can Medical Association 206: 30-31 Montagu, Ashley. 1972. Sociogenic brain dam- Bodley, John H, and Foley C. Benson. ge. American Anthropologist 74(5): 1045- tribution of wealth, and the continued 1979. Cultural ecology of Amazonia rapid growth of the industrialized na- alms. Reports of Investigations, no 56. Rambo, A. Terry. 1985. Primitive Polluters: tions have all meant that both the abso- Pullman: Laboratory of Anthropolog Semang Impact on the Malaysian Tropi Washington State University lute and the relative gap between the rich Bunce. George E. 1972. Aggravation of vita- cal Rain Forest Ecosystem. Anthropologi nd poor in the world is steadily widen- cal Papers no 76, Museum of Anthropolog nina d University of Michigan. ing. The prospect that tribal peoples will of non-fortified skim milk: An example of Redfield, Robert. 1953. The Primitive World actually be able to attain the levels of re nutrient interaction In The Careless Tech- nd Its Transformations. Ithaca, N.Y. source consumption to which they are nology: Ecology and International Devel Cornell University Press being encouraged to aspire is remote opment, ed. M. T. Farvar and John P. 1962. A Village That Chose Progress: deed except for those few groups whe 53-60. Garden City, NY Chan Kom Revisited. Chicago: University Natural History Press. of Chicago Press, Phoenix Books have retained effective control over stra- Burling, Robbins. 1963. Rengsanggri: Family Smith, Wilberforce. 1894. The teeth of ten tegic mineral resources and Kinship in a Garo Village. Philadel Sioux Indians. Journal of the Royal An- phia: University of Pennsylvania Press tropological Institute 24: 109-116 Tribal peoples feel deprivation not Davis. A.E. andTD. Bolin. 1972. Lactose TTR: See under United States only when the economic goals they have intolerance in Southe In The United States, Department of the Interior been encouraged to seek fail to material- Careless Technology Office of Territories. 1953. Report on ize, but also when they discover that they national Development, Farvar Administration of the Trust Territory of are powerless, second-class citizens who and John P. Milton Garden the Pacific Islands(by the United States are discriminated against and exploited City, N.Y.: Natural Histor to the United Nations) for the Period July Dennett, Glenn, and John Connell 1,1951, to june30,1952. by the dominant society. At the same ulturation and health in the highlands of 954. Annual Report, High Commi time, they are denied the satisfactions of sioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific their traditional cultures because these ogy29(2:273-299 Islands to the Secretary of the Interior(for have been sacrificed in the process of Goldschmidt, Walter R.1972. The interre- 1953 modernization Under the impact of ma- lations between cultural factors and the United States, Department of State. 1955 acquisition of new technical skills. In The jor economic change family life is dis- Seventh Annual Report to the United Na- gress of Underdeveloped Areas, ed tions on the Administration of the Trust rupted, traditional social controls are Bert F. Hoselitz, pp. 135-151. Chicago Territory of the Pacific Islands uly 1 often lost, and many indicators of social niversity of Chicago Press 1953, to June30,1954) anomie such as alcoholism. crime. delin- ss, Daniel R, et al. 1979. Ecology and ac- 1959. Eleventh Anmual quency, suicide, emotional disorders, culturation es of central United Nations on the Administration of Brazil. Science 206(4422): 1043-1050 and despair may increase The inevitable Hughes, Charles C, and John M.Hunter the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (July1.1957, to June30.1958) frustration resulting from this continual 1972. The role of technological develop 1964. Sixteenth Annual Report to the deprivation finds expression in the cargo ment in promoting disease in Africa. In United Nations on the Administration of cults. revitalization movements. and a The Careless Technology: Ecology an the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands variety of other political and religie OUS International Development, ed M. T Far- (July1,1962 to june30,1963) movements that have been widespread var and John P. Milton, pp. 69-101. Ga 1973. Twenty-Fifth Annual Report to den City, N.Y.: Natural History Press. the United Nations on the administration amo ng tribal peoples following their dis- Keesing, Felix M.1941.The of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Is ruption by industrial civilization the modern world. institute of pacific re- lands (July 1, 1971, to June 30, 1972) From VICTIMS OF PROGRESS, 1998, pp. 137-151. Copyright o 1998 by The Mayfield Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of The McGraw- 7ANNUAL EDITIONS 7 socioeconomic progress set for them by industrial civilizations. By comparison with the material wealth of industrial so￾cieties, tribal societies become, by defi￾nition, impoverished. They are then forced to transform their cultures and work to achieve what many economists now acknowledge to be unattainable goals. Even though in many cases the modest GNP goals set by development planners for the developing nations dur￾ing the “development decade” of the 1960s were often met, the results were hardly noticeable for most of the tribal people involved. Population growth, en￾vironmental limitations, inequitable dis￾tribution of wealth, and the continued rapid growth of the industrialized na￾tions have all meant that both the abso￾lute and the relative gap between the rich and poor in the world is steadily widen￾ing. The prospect that tribal peoples will actually be able to attain the levels of re￾source consumption to which they are being encouraged to aspire is remote in￾deed except for those few groups who have retained effective control over stra￾tegic mineral resources. Tribal peoples feel deprivation not only when the economic goals they have been encouraged to seek fail to material￾ize, but also when they discover that they are powerless, second-class citizens who are discriminated against and exploited by the dominant society. At the same time, they are denied the satisfactions of their traditional cultures, because these have been sacrificed in the process of modernization. Under the impact of ma￾jor economic change family life is dis￾rupted, traditional social controls are often lost, and many indicators of social anomie such as alcoholism, crime, delin￾quency, suicide, emotional disorders, and despair may increase. The inevitable frustration resulting from this continual deprivation finds expression in the cargo cults, revitalization movements, and a variety of other political and religious movements that have been widespread among tribal peoples following their dis￾ruption by industrial civilization. Bibliography Ackermann, F. L. 1964. Geologia e Fisiogra￾fia da Região Bragantina, Estado do Pará. Manaus, Brazil: Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas, Instituto Nacional de Pes￾quisas da Amazonia. Allard, William Albert, and Loren McIntyre. 1988. Rondônia’s settlers invade Brazil’s imperiled rain forest. National Geo￾graphic 174(6):772–799. Bodley, John H. 1970. Campa Socio-Economic Adaptation. Ann Arbor: University Mi￾crofilms. _____. 1983. Der Weg der Zerstörung: Stam￾mesvölker und die industrielle Zivilization. Munich: Trickster-Verlag. (Translation of Victims of Progress.) Bodley, John H., and Foley C. Benson. 1979. Cultural ecology of Amazonian palms. Reports of Investigations, no. 56. Pullman: Laboratory of Anthropology, Washington State University. Bunce, George E. 1972. Aggravation of vita￾min A deficiency following distribution of non-fortified skim milk: An example of nutrient interaction. In The Careless Tech￾nology: Ecology and International Devel￾opment, ed. M. T. Farvar and John P. Milton, pp. 53–60. Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press. Burling, Robbins. 1963. Rengsanggri: Family and Kinship in a Garo Village. Philadel￾phia: University of Pennsylvania Press. Davis, A. E., and T. D. Bolin. 1972. Lactose intolerance in Southeast Asia. In The Careless Technology: Ecology and Inter￾national Development, ed. M. T. Farvar and John P. Milton, pp. 61–68. Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press. Dennett, Glenn, and John Connell. 1988. Ac￾culturation and health in the highlands of Papua New Guinea. Current Anthropol￾ogy 29(2):273–299. Goldschmidt, Walter R. 1972. The interre￾lations between cultural factors and the acquisition of new technical skills. In The Progress of Underdeveloped Areas, ed. Bert F. Hoselitz, pp. 135–151. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Gross, Daniel R., et al. 1979. Ecology and ac￾culturation among native peoples of Central Brazil. Science 206(4422): 1043–1050. Hughes, Charles C., and John M. Hunter. 1972. The role of technological develop￾ment in promoting disease in Africa. In The Careless Technology: Ecology and International Development, ed. M. T. Far￾var and John P. Milton, pp. 69–101. Gar￾den City, N.Y.: Natural History Press. Keesing, Felix M. 1941. The South Seas in the Modern World. Institute of Pacific Re￾lations International Research Series. New York: John Day. Kroeger, Axel, and François Barbira-Freedman. 1982. Culture Change and Health: The Case of South American Rainforest Indi￾ans. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang. (Reprinted in Bodley, 1988a:221–236.) McNeil, Mary. 1972. Lateritic soils in dis￾tinct tropical environments: Southern Sudan and Brazil. In The Careless Tech￾nology: Ecology an International Devel￾opment, ed. M. T. Farvar and John P. Milton, pp. 591–608. Garden City, N.Y.: Natural History Press. Mönckeberg, F. 1968. Mental retardation from malnutrition. Journal of the Ameri￾can Medical Association 206:30–31. Montagu, Ashley. 1972. Sociogenic brain dam￾age. American Anthropologist 74(5):1045– 1061. Rambo, A. Terry. 1985. Primitive Polluters: Semang Impact on the Malaysian Tropi￾cal Rain Forest Ecosystem. Anthropologi￾cal Papers no. 76, Museum of Anthropology, University of Michigan. Redfield, Robert. 1953. The Primitive World and Its Transformations. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press. _____. 1962. A Village That Chose Progress: Chan Kom Revisited. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, Phoenix Books. Smith, Wilberforce. 1894. The teeth of ten Sioux Indians. Journal of the Royal An￾thropological Institute 24:109–116. TTR: See under United States. United States, Department of the Interior, Office of Territories. 1953. Report on the Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (by the United States to the United Nations) for the Period July 1, 1951, to June 30, 1952. _____. 1954. Annual Report, High Commis￾sioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands to the Secretary of the Interior (for 1953). United States, Department of State. 1955. Seventh Annual Report to the United Na￾tions on the Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (July 1, 1953, to June 30, 1954). _____. 1959. Eleventh Annual Report to the United Nations on the Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (July 1, 1957, to June 30, 1958). _____. 1964. Sixteenth Annual Report to the United Nations on the Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (July 1, 1962 to June 30, 1963). _____. 1973. Twenty-Fifth Annual Report to the United Nations on the Administration of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Is￾lands (July 1, 1971, to June 30, 1972). From VICTIMS OF PROGRESS, 1998, pp. 137-151. Copyright © 1998 by The Mayfield Publishing Company. Reprinted by permission of The McGraw￾Hill Companies