V.Science and Technology during the Renaissance.179 3.Sir Isaac Newton(1642-1727)……193 1,Geographical Discoveries………180 4.Gottfried Wilhelm von Le bniz (1646-1716)...........194 a.Christopher Columbus (1451-1506)............180 5.Invention of New Instruments...........................195 b.Bartholomeu Dias (1466?-1500)........................ 180 6.Two Merits Shared by the:Great Scientists c.Vasco da Gama (about 1460-1524)..................... 180 of the17 th Century……196 d.Amerigo Vespucci (1457-1512)................. 180 M.Philosophy,Politics and Literature in England.196 2.Astronomy…i… 181 1.Francis Bacon (1561-1626).................................196 Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543) 181 2.Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)...................200 3.Anatomy… 181 a.Hobbes's Materialist Views.......................200 a.Leonardo da Vinci(1452-l519）…181 b.The Natural State of War........................201 b.Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) 181 c.The Laws of Nature… 202 4,Printing…181 d.The Theory of the Social Contract..................... 203 Aldus Manutius(1450-1515)……181 3.John Locke(1632-1704)… 204 5.Political Science and Historiography …182 a.Locke's Materialist Views..............................204 a.Dante(1265—1321)…182 b.Locke's Political Philosophy..................205 b.NiccolòMachiavelli(1469-1527)…182 c.The Social Contract.......... 206 c.Giorgio Vosari (1511-1574).......................... 183 4.John Milton and the English Revolution …208 M.Summing-up… 183 N.Descartes;French Classicism.......... 13 Questions for Revision...........184 1.Rene Descartes (1596-1650) 213 a.The Method of Cartesian Doubt 214 b.Descartes's Theory of Knowledge.......215 DIVISION FIVE c.Innate Ideas………215 d.Descartes's Dualism.............. 216 THE SEVENTEENTH CENTURY 2.French Classicism...217 a.Pierre Corneille(1606-1684）…218 I.General Introduction……186 b.Jean Racine(1637-1699)…… 221 夏.Science…l87 c.Molière(1622-1673)…223 1.From Copernicus to Kepler........ 187 V.Art…225 2.Galileo Galilei (1564-1642)..............190 1.Baroque Art… 225 8 9 7了厚忍补和