2.The Rise of Humanism...................................131 b.Ignatius and the Jesuits...................150 3.New Literature................132 6.Protestantism and the Rise of Capitalism ................ 151 a.Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375)........................132 7.C0 nclusion…152 b.Francesco Petrarch (1304-1374).......................133 N.Renaissance in Other Countries.................. 153 4.Renaissance Art+*……*+…………1 135 1.Renaissance in France........................................... 154 a.Early Renaissance Artists................................136 a.Historical Background.............................154 i.Giotto (about 1266-1337).........................136 b.Renaissance Writers in France..........................154 ii.Filippo Brunelleschi (1377-1446).................137 i.Francois Rabelais (about 1483-1553)...............154 i.Donatello(1386-1466)…137 i.Pleiade…… 156 iv.Giorgione (Giorio de Castelfranco, iii.Michel Eyques de Montaigne (1533-1592)......156 about1477-1510）…137 2.Renaissance in Spain......... 161 b.High Renaissance Artists............................138 a.Historical Background......................... 161 i.Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519).....................138 b.Literature………l62 ii.Michelangelo Buonarroti..............139 Miguel de Cervantes (1547-1616).................162 iii.Raphael (Raffaello Sancio,1483-1520)........141 C.Art……165 iw,Titian(about1488-1576)……141 El Gre00(1541—1614)…+…165 5.Decline of the Italian Renaissance...................142 亚.Reformation and Counter-Reformation…l43 3.Renaissance in the North................166 a.Renaissance in the Netherlands 1.Pre-Luther Religious Reformers.............................144 a.John Wycliffe (about 1330-1384)...............144 Erasmus (about 1466?-1536)...........................166 b.Jan Hus(1372-1415)……144 b.Renaissance in Flanders 2.Martin Luther (1483-1546)and His Doctrines.....145 Pieter Bruegel (the Elder)(about 1525-1569).....167 a.Beginning of the Reformation.........................145 c.Renaissance in Germany.................................168 b.Translation of the Bible...........................145 i.Albrecht Durer (1471-1528).................168 c.Gospel of Love and Idea of Equality..........146 i.Hans Holbein(the Younger）…l69 3.John Calvin (1509-1564)and Calvinism..........147 4.Renaissance in England.........................169 4.Reformation in England................147 a.Historical Background..................169 5.Counter-Reformation.......... 149 b.Thomas More(1477-1535)…:…170 a.Council of Trent................................... 149 c.William Shakespeare (1564-1616)....................176 6 7