上游充通大￥ SHANGHAI JIAO TONG UNIVERSITY Uncertainty and ROl in R&D Under both models,R&D differs from the vast majority of a company's activities >Some R&D are intended to yield nearly immediate profit or immediate improvements in operations(short term) Involve little uncertainty as to the return on investment(ROI) > Some R&D are intended to benefit the human being in general (long term) Involve much uncertainty as to the return on investment Three category of R&D with different uncertainty and ROI Basic research(much uncertainty,generally no ROl) Technology development (less uncertainty,average ROl) Product development (little uncertainty,high ROI)Uncertainty and ROI in R&D Uncertainty and ROI in R&D Under both models, R&D differs from the vast majority of a company's activities  Some R&D are intended to yield nearly immediate profit or immediate improvements in operations (short term)  Involve little uncertainty as to the return on investment (ROI)  Some R&D are intended to benefit the human being in general (long term)  Involve much uncertainty as to the return on investment Three category of R&D with different uncertainty and ROI  Basic research (much uncertainty, generally no ROI)  Technology development (less uncertainty, average ROI)  Product development (little uncertainty, high ROI)