Questions: what can -do or can-not-do of a von Neumann machine? Good at Not so good at Interacting with noisy data or Fast arithmetic data from the environment Doing precisely what the programmer programs them to do/Massive parallelism Fault tolerance Adapting to circumstances Where can ANN systems or"Brain"help? where we can 't formulate an algorithmic solution where we can get lots of examples of the behaviour we require,大样本训练 where we need to pick out the structure from existing data e.g. Pattern recognition(recognizing handwritten characters 无数学模型描述的复杂系统识别, yes or not?Questions: what can-do or can-not-do of a von Neumann machine? Adapting to circumstances Fault tolerance Massive parallelism Doing precisely what the programmer programs them to do Interacting with noisy data or data from the environment Fast arithmetic Good at Not so good at Where can ANN systems or “Brain” help? - where we can't formulate an algorithmic solution. - where we can get lots of examples of the behaviour we require, 大样本训练 - where we need to pick out the structure from existing data. e.g. Pattern recognition (recognizing handwritten characters?) 无数学模型描述的复杂系统识别，YES or NOT ？