张志强等:变工况过程中球轴承保持架的稳定性 ·1463 1.0 (3)重力场对保持架运行轨迹有明显的影响: 重力场的存在使得保持架基于一点涡动:而无重 0.8 力场中,保持架与套圈的碰撞作用显著,保持架涡 0 动增加. 参考文献 0.2 [1]Ryu S J,Choe B S,Lee J K,et al.Correlation between friction ·一加速区 ·0·稳定区 coefficient and sound characteristics for cage instability of cryogenic deep groove ball bearings /Proceedings of the 9th 50 100 150 200 轴向载荷N IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics.Springer, Milan,2015:1921 图4轴向载荷对保持架速度偏差比值的影响 [2]Kingsbury E P.Torque variations in instrument ball bearings. Fig.4 Influence of axial load on cage speed deviation ratio Tribology Trans,1965,8(4):435 80 [3] Stevens K T.Experimental observations on torque variation caused by bearing cage instabilities ll Proceedings of the Second Space 60 Tribology Workshop.Paris,1980:101 [4] Zhang T,Chen X Y,Gu J M,et,al.Progress of research on cage stability of high-speed angular contact ball bearings.Aca 40 Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica,2018,39(7):(22026 (张涛,陈晓阳,顾家铭,等.高速角接触球轴承保持架稳定性研 20 究进展.航空学报,2018.39(7):022026) [5] Yang X Q,Liu WX,Li X L.Dynamics analysis on cage of high speed roller bearing.Bearing,2002(7):1 50 100 150 200 轴向载荷N (杨咸启,刘文秀,李晓玲.高速滚子轴承保持架动力学分析.轴 承,2002(7):1) 图5轴向载荷对摩擦力矩的形响 [6] Liu WX,Yang X Q,Chen G.Collision model and motion analysis Fig.5 Influence of axial load on friction torque on cage of high speed roller bearing.Bearing,2003(9):1 下的保持架质心轨迹演化并未呈现明显的径向偏 (刘文秀,杨咸启,陈贵.高速滚子轴承保持架碰撞模型与运动 离,其初始位置的演变存在较大的偶然性 分析.轴承2003(9):1) [7] Ye Z H.Li W.Qu X J,et al.Effect of elliptical pocket on cage 3结论 dynamic performance of high speed ball bearings.Machinery Des Manufacture,2016(6):184 为提高动量轮对卫星姿态控制的精准性,本 (叶振环,李伟,曲样君,等.椭圆兜孔对高速球轴承保持架动态 文对动量轮中球轴承保持架在变工况过程中的稳 性能的影响分析.机械设计与制造,2016(6):184) 定性进行了研究.通过建立球轴承的多体动力学 [8J Choe B,Lee J,Jeon D,et al.Experimental study on dynamic 模型,分析了轴承启动加速度、轴向载荷及有无重 behavior of ball bearing cage in cryogenic environments,Part I: 力对保持架稳定性的影响.通过上述分析,得到以 effects of cage guidance and pocket clearances.Mechanical Syst Signal Process,2019,115:545 下结论: [9] Choe B,Kwak W,Jeon D,et al.Experimental study on dynamic (1)轴承启动加速度的增加,缩短了加速过渡 behavior of ball bearing cage in cryogenic environments,Part II: 时间,引导面对保持架的引导作用增强,较高的转 effects of cage mass imbalance.Mechanical Syst Signal Process, 速更有利于保持架运行的稳定性.但较大的启动 2019,116:25 加速度使得轴承摩擦力矩较大,因此在保证轴承 [10]Ghaisas N,Wassgren C R,Sadeghi F.Cage instabilities in 运行稳定条件下,启动加速度应尽量小 cylindrical roller bearings.J Tribol,2004,126(4):681 (2)轴承轴向载荷的增加,保持架与滚动体之 [11]Ashtekar A.Sadeghi F.A new approach for including cage 间碰撞作用增加,加剧了保持架的涡动状态,不利 flexibility in dynamic bearing models by using combined explicit finite and discrete element methods.J Tribol,2012,134(4): 于保持架运行的稳定性.而且,较大的轴向载荷使 041502 得轴承摩擦力矩较大,因此尽量采用较小的轴向 [12]Liu X H.Dynamic Analysis Model of High Speed Rolling Bearings 载荷. and Dynamic Performance of Cages[Dissertation].Dalian:Dalian下的保持架质心轨迹演化并未呈现明显的径向偏 离,其初始位置的演变存在较大的偶然性. 3 结论 为提高动量轮对卫星姿态控制的精准性,本 文对动量轮中球轴承保持架在变工况过程中的稳 定性进行了研究. 通过建立球轴承的多体动力学 模型,分析了轴承启动加速度、轴向载荷及有无重 力对保持架稳定性的影响. 通过上述分析,得到以 下结论: (1)轴承启动加速度的增加,缩短了加速过渡 时间,引导面对保持架的引导作用增强,较高的转 速更有利于保持架运行的稳定性. 但较大的启动 加速度使得轴承摩擦力矩较大,因此在保证轴承 运行稳定条件下,启动加速度应尽量小. (2)轴承轴向载荷的增加,保持架与滚动体之 间碰撞作用增加,加剧了保持架的涡动状态,不利 于保持架运行的稳定性. 而且,较大的轴向载荷使 得轴承摩擦力矩较大,因此尽量采用较小的轴向 载荷. (3)重力场对保持架运行轨迹有明显的影响: 重力场的存在使得保持架基于一点涡动;而无重 力场中,保持架与套圈的碰撞作用显著,保持架涡 动增加. 参 考 文 献 Ryu S J, Choe B S, Lee J K, et al. Correlation between friction coefficient and sound characteristics for cage instability of cryogenic deep groove ball bearings // Proceedings of the 9th IFToMM International Conference on Rotor Dynamics. Springer, Milan, 2015: 1921 [1] Kingsbury E P. Torque variations in instrument ball bearings. Tribology Trans, 1965, 8(4): 435 [2] Stevens K T. Experimental observations on torque variation caused by bearing cage instabilities // Proceedings of the Second Space Tribology Workshop. Paris, 1980: 101 [3] Zhang T, Chen X Y, Gu J M, et, al. Progress of research on cage stability of high-speed angular contact ball bearings. Acta Aeronautica et Astronautica Sinica, 2018, 39(7): 022026 (张涛, 陈晓阳, 顾家铭, 等. 高速角接触球轴承保持架稳定性研 究进展. 航空学报, 2018, 39(7):022026 ) [4] Yang X Q, Liu W X, Li X L. Dynamics analysis on cage of high speed roller bearing. Bearing, 2002(7): 1 (杨咸启, 刘文秀, 李晓玲. 高速滚子轴承保持架动力学分析. 轴 承, 2002(7):1 ) [5] Liu W X, Yang X Q, Chen G. Collision model and motion analysis on cage of high speed roller bearing. Bearing, 2003(9): 1 (刘文秀, 杨咸启, 陈贵. 高速滚子轴承保持架碰撞模型与运动 分析. 轴承, 2003(9):1 ) [6] Ye Z H, Li W, Qu X J, et al. Effect of elliptical pocket on cage dynamic performance of high speed ball bearings. Machinery Des Manufacture, 2016(6): 184 (叶振环, 李伟, 曲祥君, 等. 椭圆兜孔对高速球轴承保持架动态 性能的影响分析. 机械设计与制造, 2016(6):184 ) [7] Choe B, Lee J, Jeon D, et al. Experimental study on dynamic behavior of ball bearing cage in cryogenic environments, Part I: effects of cage guidance and pocket clearances. Mechanical Syst Signal Process, 2019, 115: 545 [8] Choe B, Kwak W, Jeon D, et al. Experimental study on dynamic behavior of ball bearing cage in cryogenic environments, Part Ⅱ: effects of cage mass imbalance. Mechanical Syst Signal Process, 2019, 116: 25 [9] Ghaisas N, Wassgren C R, Sadeghi F. Cage instabilities in cylindrical roller bearings. J Tribol, 2004, 126(4): 681 [10] Ashtekar A, Sadeghi F. A new approach for including cage flexibility in dynamic bearing models by using combined explicit finite and discrete element methods. J Tribol, 2012, 134(4): 041502 [11] Liu X H. Dynamic Analysis Model of High Speed Rolling Bearings and Dynamic Performance of Cages[Dissertation]. Dalian: Dalian [12] 0 50 100 150 200 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 速度偏差比值, σV 轴向载荷/N 加速区 稳定区 图 4 轴向载荷对保持架速度偏差比值的影响 Fig.4 Influence of axial load on cage speed deviation ratio 0 50 100 150 200 0 20 40 60 80 轴向载荷/N 摩擦力矩均方根值/(N·mm) 图 5 轴向载荷对摩擦力矩的影响 Fig.5 Influence of axial load on friction torque 张志强等: 变工况过程中球轴承保持架的稳定性 · 1463 ·